District of Vermont

A U.S. district court in the Second Circuit, in Vermont. Its figures are federal cases and are never added to Vermont's.

People sentenced, FY2025: 210
Noncitizens, FY2025: 11%
Pretrial cases, FY2025: 147
Detained, FY2025: 60.5%

Federal sentences

People sentenced in this court under the federal guidelines, by federal fiscal year (October to September), counted by CrimeDB from the Sentencing Commission's records. Dashed lines mark changes in federal sentencing law.

People sentenced, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2003: PROTECT Act, April 30, 2003: appeals courts review departures from the guidelines anew, and the Commission must cut downward departures.
FY2005: United States v. Booker, January 12, 2005: the guidelines become advisory, so FY2005 holds sentences from before and after.
FY2008: Gall and Kimbrough, December 10, 2007: judges may sentence outside the range with less reason given, including over the crack to powder ratio.
FY2010: Fair Sentencing Act, August 3, 2010: crack cocaine thresholds rise and the crack to powder ratio falls from 100 to 1 to about 18 to 1.
FY2019: First Step Act, December 21, 2018: a wider safety valve, no more stacked gun counts, and the crack changes made retroactive.
FY2024: Guideline amendments of November 1, 2023: fewer criminal history points for offenses committed under supervision, and a lower range for people with none.

Sentence type and length, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Prison only	92%194	194
Prison and alternatives	1%2	2
Probation only	7%14	14

Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. The median prison term was 21 months (mean 33) for the 196 sentenced to prison; life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as the Commission counts them.

Percent sentenced to prison, FY2002 to FY2025

Median prison term in months, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced by offense, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Drug Trafficking	50%104	104
Firearms	20%41	41
Immigration	9%18	18
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	7%15	15
Money Launder	4%9	9
Drug Possession	4%8	8
Child Pornography	1%3	3
Murder	1%3	3
Robbery	1%3	3
Sex Abuse	1%3	3
Environmental	1%1	1
Kidnapping	1%1	1
Tax	1%1	1

All 210 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline).

People sentenced in the District of Vermont by offense, FY2018 to FY2025

Offense	FY2018	FY2019*	FY2020	FY2021	FY2022	FY2023	FY2024*	FY2025
Drug Trafficking	92	99	86	74	63	59	68	104
Firearms	7	18	28	17	23	28	26	41
Immigration	26	23	5	5	5	21	23	18
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	11	10	11	3	13	4	12	15
Drug Possession	6	4	6	12	7	4	7	8
Child Pornography	2	6	6	4	4	0	4	3
Robbery	2	0	2	2	3	6	6	3
Money Launder	0	2	3	0	3	4	2	9
Sex Abuse	2	2	2	1	5	2	4	3
Murder	7	0	0	0	2	4	1	3
Administration of Justice	1	1	3	1	0	2	1	0
Stalking/Harassing	3	0	0	1	2	2	0	0
Tax	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	1
Assault	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0
Environmental	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0
Bribery/Corruption	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
Kidnapping	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
National Defense	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
Arson	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burglary/Trespass	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Extortion/Racketeering	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Food and Drug	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Individual Rights	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Manslaughter	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
All offenses	161	166	155	124	135	137	165	210

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Earlier years, under the Commission's older offense types, are in the tables at the foot of the page.

People sentenced by citizenship, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
U.S. citizen	89%186	186
Not a U.S. citizen	11%24	24
Citizenship not known	0%0	0

18 of the 210 were sentenced for an immigration offense.

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025
White+MENA, 1 placed by CrimeDB	50%105	105
Black, 1 placed by CrimeDB	22%47	47
Hispanic	21%45	45
Asian+NHPI	4%8	8
AIAN	1%1	1
Race unknown	2%4	4

Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer
Race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race

All 210 people sentenced. Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer. Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people. USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 2 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025
I	49%103	103
II	13%28	28
III	16%34	34
IV	6%13	13
V	3%7	7
VI	11%22	22
Category not known	1%3	3

All 210 people sentenced. By the category the court found, I (least) to VI (most), from points for prior sentences under the guidelines.

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025
Within the range	21%44	44
Below the range, government-sponsored	45%94	94
Below the range, not government-sponsored	34%72	72

All 210 people sentenced. In the Commission's four groups. Government-sponsored: the prosecutor moved for it, for substantial assistance, early disposition, or another reason.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention

Defendants whose pretrial services case opened in the fiscal year, and the percent detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints them. Table H-14 counts every case, H-14A leaves out immigration cases, and H-14B, from FY2022, leaves out the cases U.S. Courts classes as illegal alien cases.

Percent detained, all cases (H-14), FY2006 to FY2025

Pretrial release and detention, FY2025

Which cases	Table	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
All cases	H-14	147	89	58	60.5%	39.5%
Excluding immigration cases	H-14A	132	74	58	56.1%	43.9%
Excluding illegal alien cases	H-14B	123	69	54	56.1%	43.9%

Detained: detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints it.

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B.

Every figure as a table

People sentenced in the District of Vermont, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	U.S. citizens	Noncitizens	Citizenship not known	Immigration offenses
FY2002	177	145	31	1	11
FY2003	175	149	26	0	12
FY2004	205	164	32	9	24
FY2005	205	152	46	7	40
FY2006	202	146	52	4	31
FY2007	140	102	38	0	29
FY2008	164	135	25	4	20
FY2009	195	162	33	0	21
FY2010	178	113	64	1	50
FY2011	163	141	22	0	12
FY2012	229	197	28	4	19
FY2013	221	190	24	7	17
FY2014	205	188	16	1	15
FY2015	179	164	14	1	8
FY2016	188	166	21	1	14
FY2017	178	156	22	0	22
FY2018	161	124	36	1	26
FY2019	166	142	24	0	23
FY2020	155	145	10	0	5
FY2021	124	113	11	0	5
FY2022	135	126	9	0	5
FY2023	137	114	22	1	21
FY2024	165	138	27	0	23
FY2025	210	186	24	0	18

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Immigration offenses are the Commission's offense type for the year (OFFTYPE2 to FY2009, OFFTYPSB to FY2017, OFFGUIDE from FY2018).

Sentence type in the District of Vermont, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	Prison only	Prison and alternatives	Probation and alternatives	Probation only	Fine only	Type not known	Sentenced to prison	Life sentences
FY2002	177	117	10	24	24	2	0	72%	0
FY2003*	175	134	15	12	13	1	0	85%	0
FY2004	205	156	14	19	13	0	3	84%	0
FY2005*	205	147	20	18	20	0	0	81%	1
FY2006	202	151	27	9	15	0	0	88%	0
FY2007	140	95	20	11	14	0	0	82%	0
FY2008*	164	125	25	5	8	1	0	91%	0
FY2009	195	155	21	10	9	0	0	90%	0
FY2010*	178	148	15	3	11	0	1	92%	0
FY2011	163	126	17	10	10	0	0	88%	0
FY2012	229	189	20	9	10	1	0	91%	0
FY2013	221	178	21	5	17	0	0	90%	0
FY2014	205	173	19	5	7	1	0	94%	1
FY2015	179	147	15	3	14	0	0	91%	0
FY2016	188	168	11	3	4	2	0	95%	0
FY2017	178	154	13	1	10	0	0	94%	0
FY2018	161	144	6	1	10	0	0	93%	1
FY2019*	166	153	7	0	6	0	0	96%	0
FY2020	155	134	5	1	15	0	0	90%	0
FY2021	124	111	2	0	11	0	0	91%	0
FY2022	135	124	2	1	8	0	0	93%	0
FY2023	137	127	2	0	8	0	0	94%	0
FY2024*	165	151	1	1	12	0	0	92%	0
FY2025	210	194	2	0	14	0	0	93%	0

USSC's sentence types (SENTIMP). Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. Sentenced to prison: prison only, or prison and alternatives, of those whose type is known.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Sentence length in the District of Vermont, by fiscal year (months)

Fiscal year	Sentence, mean	Sentence, median	People sentenced	Prison term, mean	Prison term, median	Sentenced to prison
FY2002	29	15	177	39	30	126
FY2003*	42	24	175	49	30	148
FY2004	37	19	202	45	28	160
FY2005*	30	10	205	38	21	159
FY2006	30	12	201	35	20	169
FY2007	32	10	140	40	20	108
FY2008*	35	17	164	42	27	134
FY2009	37	21	195	44	30	161
FY2010*	28	12	177	33	18	149
FY2011	34	22	163	45	32	123
FY2012	38	21	229	46	29	185
FY2013	38	23	221	51	37	161
FY2014	38	20	205	47	30	165
FY2015	30	18	179	39	26	138
FY2016	27	16	188	36	24	141
FY2017	31	16	178	41	30	131
FY2018	40	20	161	43	23	150
FY2019*	34	24	166	35	24	160
FY2020	29	12	155	32	13	139
FY2021	21	12	124	23	12	113
FY2022	37	18	135	39	24	126
FY2023	27	14	137	29	18	129
FY2024*	32	11	165	35	12	152
FY2025	30	18	210	33	21	196

Sentence: prison and alternative confinement, with probation and fines as zero (USSC's sentence length). Prison term: prison alone, for those sentenced to prison (USSC's length of imprisonment). Life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as USSC counts them.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced in the District of Vermont by offense, FY2002 to FY2009

Offense	FY2002	FY2003*	FY2004	FY2005*	FY2006	FY2007	FY2008*	FY2009
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	98	107	114	100	99	57	68	105
Firearms	32	21	35	30	35	27	38	28
Immigration	11	12	24	40	31	29	20	21
Fraud	11	8	14	14	14	12	10	14
Pornography/Prostitution	4	4	2	3	0	1	3	6
Drugs - Simple Possession	4	0	4	5	3	2	1	3
Robbery	3	5	1	2	3	1	3	3
Money Laundering	0	2	2	0	5	4	3	0
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	1	0	2	5	2	2	1	2
Embezzlement	3	4	0	0	0	1	1	4
Administration of Justice	2	2	2	0	4	0	1	1
Racketeering/Extortion	3	0	0	0	0	0	8	1
Forgery/Counterfeiting	0	2	1	2	0	0	1	4
Larceny	0	2	0	1	4	1	1	1
Assault	0	2	2	0	0	1	1	0
Auto Theft	2	1	1	0	1	0	0	0
Sexual Abuse	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
Tax Offenses	1	2	0	0	1	1	0	0
Drugs - Communication Facilities	0	1	0	1	0	0	2	0
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Bribery	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Food and Drug Offenses	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
All offenses	177	175	205	205	202	140	164	195

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPE2). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the District of Vermont by offense, FY2010 to FY2017

Offense	FY2010*	FY2011	FY2012	FY2013	FY2014	FY2015	FY2016	FY2017
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	57	84	105	96	111	104	128	104
Firearms	23	26	29	24	21	19	7	9
Immigration	50	12	19	17	15	8	14	22
Fraud	15	12	21	19	18	12	14	13
Child Pornography	10	4	15	21	18	16	7	11
Administration of Justice	6	6	9	9	1	4	4	8
Robbery	1	2	6	4	3	3	1	4
Forgery/Counterfeiting	1	3	4	6	2	1	2	0
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	2	2	5	6	2	1	1	0
Drugs - Simple Possession	1	4	0	2	1	2	3	5
Racketeering/Extortion	0	1	5	5	1	1	3	0
Embezzlement	2	0	2	4	2	3	0	0
Larceny	3	1	1	3	1	1	0	0
Tax Offenses	0	2	1	0	5	1	0	1
Assault	1	1	3	1	0	1	1	0
Money Laundering	3	2	1	1	0	0	0	0
Sexual Abuse	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1
Auto Theft	1	0	0	1	0	2	0	0
Arson	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0
Food and Drug Offenses	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	0
Drugs - Communication Facilities	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
Bribery	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
All offenses	178	163	229	221	205	179	188	178

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPSB). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the District of Vermont by offense, FY2025

Offense	People sentenced	Share
Drug Trafficking	104	50%
Firearms	41	20%
Immigration	18	9%
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	15	7%
Money Launder	9	4%
Drug Possession	8	4%
Child Pornography	3	1%
Murder	3	1%
Robbery	3	1%
Sex Abuse	3	1%
Environmental	1	1%
Kidnapping	1	1%
Tax	1	1%

All 210 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

People sentenced in the District of Vermont by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

Race and Hispanic origin	People sentenced	Of which placed by CrimeDB	Share
White+MENA	105	1	50%
Black	47	1	22%
Hispanic	45	0	21%
Asian+NHPI	8	0	4%
AIAN	1	0	1%
Race unknown	4	0	2%

All 210 people sentenced.

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 2 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Of which placed by CrimeDB: the part of each group CrimeDB placed (race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race); the rest of each group is as USSC recorded it.

People sentenced in the District of Vermont by criminal history category, FY2025

Criminal history category	People sentenced	Share
I	103	49%
II	28	13%
III	34	16%
IV	13	6%
V	7	3%
VI	22	11%
Category not known	3	1%

All 210 people sentenced.

The category the court found (XCRHISSR), I (least) to VI (most).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Sentences in the District of Vermont against the guideline range, FY2025

Against the guideline range	People sentenced	Share
Within the range	44	21%
Below the range, government-sponsored	94	45%
Below the range, not government-sponsored	72	34%

All 210 people sentenced.

The Commission's four groups (SENTRNGE collapsed as its Sourcebook does).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention in the District of Vermont, all cases (Table H-14)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	145	37	108	25.5%	74.5%
FY2007	155	43	112	27.7%	72.3%
FY2008	206	71	135	34.5%	65.5%
FY2009	180	90	90	50.0%	50.0%
FY2010	248	114	134	46.0%	54.0%
FY2011	208	75	133	36.1%	63.9%
FY2012	205	95	110	46.3%	53.7%
FY2013	229	90	139	39.3%	60.7%
FY2014	187	72	115	38.5%	61.5%
FY2015	211	87	124	41.2%	58.8%
FY2016	209	101	108	48.3%	51.7%
FY2017	167	89	78	53.3%	46.7%
FY2018	159	100	59	62.9%	37.1%
FY2019	197	94	103	47.7%	52.3%
FY2020	124	48	76	38.7%	61.3%
FY2021	114	64	50	56.1%	43.9%
FY2022	148	85	63	57.4%	42.6%
FY2023	198	111	87	56.1%	43.9%
FY2024	164	78	86	47.6%	52.4%
FY2025	147	89	58	60.5%	39.5%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the District of Vermont, excluding immigration cases (Table H-14A)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	139	33	106	23.7%	76.3%
FY2007	143	33	110	23.1%	76.9%
FY2008	193	59	134	30.6%	69.4%
FY2009	163	73	90	44.8%	55.2%
FY2010	182	50	132	27.5%	72.5%
FY2011	195	64	131	32.8%	67.2%
FY2012	196	87	109	44.4%	55.6%
FY2013	218	79	139	36.2%	63.8%
FY2014	175	60	115	34.3%	65.7%
FY2015	209	86	123	41.1%	58.9%
FY2016	197	89	108	45.2%	54.8%
FY2017	163	85	78	52.1%	47.9%
FY2018	132	73	59	55.3%	44.7%
FY2019	190	87	103	45.8%	54.2%
FY2020	122	46	76	37.7%	62.3%
FY2021	111	61	50	55.0%	45.0%
FY2022	145	82	63	56.6%	43.4%
FY2023	186	99	87	53.2%	46.8%
FY2024	155	70	85	45.2%	54.8%
FY2025	132	74	58	56.1%	43.9%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the District of Vermont, excluding illegal alien cases (Table H-14B)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2022	138	75	63	54.3%	45.7%
FY2023	162	83	79	51.2%	48.8%
FY2024	145	64	81	44.1%	55.9%
FY2025	123	69	54	56.1%	43.9%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.