Federal

Federal courts and federal agencies are a jurisdiction of their own, not a 51st state. Their figures sit beside the states' and are never added to them or spread over counties.

Federal records with a page

Federal sentences66,662 people sentenced, 2025Federal fiscal year. U.S. Sentencing Commission.
People in federal prison152,643 people held, 2026One day each year. Federal Bureau of Prisons, population statistics.
ICE arrests113,430 administrative arrests, 2024Federal fiscal year. DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics.
Removals329,990 removals, 2024Federal fiscal year. DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics.
Apprehensions2,818,660 enforcement actions, 2023Federal fiscal year. DHS Office of Homeland Security Statistics.

Death penalty

Under sentence of death, December 31, 2023: 41
Executed in 2023: 0
Received under sentence of death in 2023: 1

People under sentence of death by race and Hispanic origin, December 31, 2023

People under sentence of death by race and Hispanic origin, December 31, 2023
White+MENA	46%19	19
Black	39%16	16
Hispanic	15%6	6

Every year, 2002 to 2023

White+MENA
Black
Hispanic
White+MENA, Hispanic
Asian, NHPI, or AIAN
Asian, NHPI, AIAN, or race unknown
Lighter: years CrimeDB split. Hispanic is what it placed; each other group is what is left once they are taken out

1991 to 1996: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it. 1997 to 2013: Hispanic people split out of each race by CrimeDB, scaled to BJS's own count of Hispanic people in the federal system, drawn lighter. 2015 to 2016: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it (BJS printed no count of Hispanic people for the federal system those years). 2017 to 2020: Hispanic people split out of each race by CrimeDB, scaled to BJS's own count of Hispanic people in the federal system, drawn lighter.

Women under sentence of death, December 31, 2021: 0 of 42. BJS's jurisdiction tables print women through 2021.

People executed, 1991 to 2023

By race and Hispanic origin, 2021: 2 Black, 1 White+MENA.

By method, 2021: 3 lethal injection. From 1977 to 2023: 16 lethal injection.

Every execution with a method on record, 2001 to 2021, was by lethal injection. BJS printed no jurisdiction's methods for 2001, 2006 to 2009, and 2014 to 2018.

The nation: under sentence of death, received, removed, executed.

Every figure as a table

The death penalty in the federal system, by year

Year	Under sentence of death, December 31	Executed
1991	1	0
1992	1	0
1993	6	0
1994	6	0
1995	8	0
1996	12	0
1997	14	0
1998	19	0
1999	18	0
2000	20	0
2001	19	2
2002	23	0
2003	23	1
2004	32	0
2005	37	0
2006	42	0
2007	48	0
2008	51	0
2009	56	0
2010	57	0
2011	56	0
2012	56	0
2013	56	0
2015	59	–
2016	58	0
2017	60	0
2018	61	0
2019	61	0
2020	51	10
2021	42	3
2022	41	0
2023	41	0

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment statistical tables, each year from the newest edition that prints it.

A dash: BJS printed no state figure for people under sentence of death in 2014, or executions in 2014 and 2015.

People under sentence of death in the federal system by race and Hispanic origin, December 31, every year

Year	All people under sentence of death	White+MENA	Black	Hispanic	White+MENA, Hispanic	Asian, NHPI, or AIAN	Asian, NHPI, AIAN, or race unknown	Hispanic, moved by CrimeDB from
2023	41	19	16	6	–	0	–	–
2022	41	18	17	6	–	0	–	–
2021	42	19	17	6	–	0	–	–
2020	51	23	21	7	–	0	–	7 White
2019	61	28	25	7	–	1	–	7 White
2018	61	28	25	7	–	1	–	7 White
2017	60	26	26	7	–	1	–	7 White
2016	58	–	27	–	30	–	1	–
2015	59	–	28	–	30	–	1	–
2013	56	20	28	7	–	1	–	7 White
2012	56	20	27	8	–	1	–	7 White, 1 Black
2011	56	21	26	8	–	1	–	7 White, 1 Black
2010	57	22	26	8	–	1	–	7 White, 1 Black
2009	56	20	29	6	–	1	–	6 White
2008	51	19	27	4	–	1	–	4 White
2007	48	17	26	4	–	1	–	4 White
2006	42	15	24	2	–	1	–	2 White
2005	37	13	21	2	–	1	–	2 White
2004	32	9	20	2	–	1	–	2 White
2003	23	4	16	2	–	1	–	2 White
2002	23	4	17	2	–	0	–	2 White
2001	19	2	15	2	–	0	–	1 White, 1 Black
2000	20	3	14	3	–	0	–	2 White, 1 Black
1999	18	5	12	0	–	1	–	0
1998	19	5	13	0	–	1	–	0
1997	14	5	9	0	–	0	–	0
1996	12	–	8	–	4	–	0	–
1995	8	–	5	–	3	–	0	–
1994	6	–	3	–	3	–	0	–
1993	6	–	3	–	3	–	0	–
1992	1	–	0	–	1	–	0	–
1991	1	–	0	–	1	–	0	–

Every year, 1991 to 2023. – means the source's codes that year hold no such group.

Hispanic, moved by CrimeDB from: the year's Hispanic people by the race the source printed them in (race recorded without ethnicity: split by NIBRS's recorded Hispanic share of each race), so each printed race is its group plus the people moved from it; – means the year is as the source printed it.

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment statistical tables, each year from the newest edition that prints it.

People under sentence of death in the federal system by sex, December 31, every year BJS prints women for the federal system

Year	All	Women	Men (all less women)
2021	42	0	42
2020	51	1	50
2019	61	1	60
2018	61	1	60
2017	60	1	59
2013	56	1	55
2012	56	1	55
2011	56	2	54
2010	57	2	55
2009	56	2	54
2008	51	2	49
2007	48	1	47
2006	42	1	41
2005	37	1	36
2004	32	0	32
2003	23	0	23
2002	23	0	23
2001	19	0	19
2000	20	0	20

BJS prints women for the federal system, not men: men are the jurisdiction's total less its women, CrimeDB's difference. No edition prints women for the federal system for 2014 to 2016 or after 2021.

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment statistical tables, each year from the newest edition that prints it.

Women under sentence of death in the federal system by race, December 31, every year BJS prints it

Year	All women under sentence of death	White+MENA, Hispanic
2021	0	0
2020	1	1
2019	1	1
2018	1	1
2017	1	1
2013	1	1
2012	1	1
2011	2	2
2010	2	2
2009	2	2
2008	2	2
2007	1	1
2006	1	1

Every year, 2006 to 2021. – means the source's codes that year hold no such group.

2006 to 2021: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it (BJS prints no count of Hispanic women in the federal system).

BJS prints women by race for the federal system, never men by race for the federal system.

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment statistical tables, each year from the newest edition that prints it.

People executed in the federal system by race and Hispanic origin, every year with an execution

Year	All people executed	White+MENA	Black	Hispanic	White+MENA, Hispanic	Asian, NHPI, or AIAN	Asian, NHPI, AIAN, or race unknown	Hispanic, moved by CrimeDB from
2021	3	1	2	0	–	0	–	0
2020	10	5	4	0	–	1	–	0
2003	1	–	1	–	0	–	0	–
2001	2	–	0	–	2	–	0	–

Every year, 2001 to 2021. – means the source's codes that year hold no such group.

1991 to 1996: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it. 1997 to 2008: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it (BJS printed no count of Hispanic people for the federal system those years). 2009 to 2013: Hispanic people split out of each race by CrimeDB, scaled to BJS's own count of Hispanic people in the federal system, drawn lighter. 2016 to 2017: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it (BJS printed no count of Hispanic people for the federal system those years). 2018 to 2021: Hispanic people split out of each race by CrimeDB, scaled to BJS's own count of Hispanic people in the federal system, drawn lighter.

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment statistical tables, each year from the newest edition that prints it.

People executed in the federal system by method since 1977, as each edition prints it

1977 to	All	Lethal injection
2023	16	16
2022	16	16
2021	16	16
2020	13	13
2019	3	3
2018	3	3
2013	3	3
2012	3	3
2011	3	3
2010	3	3
2009	3	3
2005	3	3
2004	3	3
2003	3	3
2002	2	2
2001	2	2

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment statistical tables, each edition's table of executions by jurisdiction and method; no edition prints it for 2014 to 2017.

People executed in the federal system by method, each year with an execution

Year	All	Lethal injection
2021	3	3
2020	10	10
2003	1	1

BJS prints methods only as totals since 1977, so a year's methods are one edition's totals less the edition before's, CrimeDB's difference; years with no edition before them have none.

Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Capital Punishment statistical tables.

Federal courts

The 94 U.S. district courts, grouped by the circuit their appeals go to. People sentenced come from the Sentencing Commission's records; pretrial cases and the percent detained are U.S. Courts' own figures. The two are never added.

Federal courts by circuit and district

District	People sentenced, FY2025	Sentenced to prison, FY2025	Pretrial cases, FY2025	Detained, FY2025
United States	66,662	92%	74,314	76.2%
D.C. Circuit	423	89%	–	–
District of Columbia	423	89%	–	–
First Circuit	1,903	87%	1,892	63.5%
District of Massachusetts	558	95%	573	62.1%
District of Maine	144	87%	190	48.9%
District of New Hampshire	130	91%	119	61.3%
District of Puerto Rico	972	82%	922	69.4%
District of Rhode Island	99	93%	88	44.3%
Second Circuit	2,795	91%	2,390	58.8%
District of Connecticut	260	91%	205	41.5%
Eastern District of New York	604	84%	495	49.9%
Northern District of New York	419	91%	449	69.9%
Southern District of New York	899	94%	716	60.2%
Western District of New York	403	92%	378	63.5%
District of Vermont	210	93%	147	60.5%
Third Circuit	2,222	90%	2,267	58.1%
District of Delaware	149	97%	159	77.4%
District of New Jersey	673	84%	676	45.4%
Eastern District of Pennsylvania	477	90%	571	69.2%
Middle District of Pennsylvania	408	94%	345	61.4%
Western District of Pennsylvania	456	92%	413	57.9%
District of the Virgin Islands	59	90%	103	40.8%
Fourth Circuit	4,183	84%	3,353	58.7%
District of Maryland	443	90%	266	36.1%
Eastern District of North Carolina	811	73%	630	66.2%
Middle District of North Carolina	312	93%	227	73.1%
Western District of North Carolina	352	96%	360	71.4%
District of South Carolina	591	91%	486	57.6%
Eastern District of Virginia	884	80%	779	54.6%
Western District of Virginia	248	91%	191	61.8%
Northern District of West Virginia	326	75%	229	46.3%
Southern District of West Virginia	216	82%	185	55.1%
Fifth Circuit	21,717	95%	21,848	89.2%
Eastern District of Louisiana	324	87%	319	63.9%
Middle District of Louisiana	95	97%	136	69.9%
Western District of Louisiana	378	93%	250	72.0%
Northern District of Mississippi	180	95%	182	60.4%
Southern District of Mississippi	378	90%	380	72.1%
Eastern District of Texas	1,015	92%	658	72.0%
Northern District of Texas	1,386	96%	755	63.4%
Southern District of Texas	7,545	98%	9,042	90.3%
Western District of Texas	10,416	94%	10,126	94.0%
Sixth Circuit	4,310	93%	4,202	66.0%
Eastern District of Kentucky	390	97%	412	69.9%
Western District of Kentucky	388	93%	352	67.6%
Eastern District of Michigan	851	96%	852	65.1%
Western District of Michigan	242	91%	219	63.0%
Northern District of Ohio	662	90%	660	57.6%
Southern District of Ohio	560	91%	503	55.5%
Eastern District of Tennessee	532	96%	559	85.5%
Middle District of Tennessee	346	89%	272	72.8%
Western District of Tennessee	339	96%	373	58.7%
Seventh Circuit	2,111	92%	1,927	54.6%
Central District of Illinois	218	95%	203	59.6%
Northern District of Illinois	587	92%	537	46.2%
Southern District of Illinois	240	90%	231	57.6%
Northern District of Indiana	279	89%	305	63.0%
Southern District of Indiana	356	97%	318	70.1%
Eastern District of Wisconsin	302	85%	278	40.6%
Western District of Wisconsin	129	96%	55	41.8%
Eighth Circuit	4,611	94%	4,510	66.1%
Eastern District of Arkansas	475	87%	355	44.5%
Western District of Arkansas	164	93%	139	20.9%
Northern District of Iowa	313	99%	324	68.2%
Southern District of Iowa	343	96%	311	76.5%
District of Minnesota	396	97%	440	62.5%
Eastern District of Missouri	988	92%	932	71.2%
Western District of Missouri	668	90%	665	74.1%
District of North Dakota	325	99%	350	51.4%
District of Nebraska	433	96%	395	79.0%
District of South Dakota	506	97%	599	68.9%
Ninth Circuit	10,991	92%	20,576	78.4%
District of Alaska	138	83%	154	47.4%
District of Arizona	4,134	91%	9,206	89.5%
Central District of California	932	89%	1,779	57.1%
Eastern District of California	472	96%	356	62.9%
Northern District of California	364	93%	364	45.9%
Southern District of California	2,661	95%	6,132	82.0%
District of Guam	35	94%	32	34.4%
District of Hawaii	142	94%	151	49.0%
District of Idaho	309	92%	298	56.0%
District of the Northern Mariana Islands	17	94% (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)	22	72.7%
District of Montana	403	89%	438	47.0%
District of Nevada	202	84%	227	51.5%
District of Oregon	501	92%	529	60.9%
Eastern District of Washington	335	95%	363	65.0%
Western District of Washington	346	80%	525	45.7%
Tenth Circuit	5,853	94%	5,810	80.0%
District of Colorado	377	93%	440	71.8%
District of Kansas	410	85%	376	64.6%
District of New Mexico	2,699	99%	3,152	91.6%
Eastern District of Oklahoma	259	95%	194	71.1%
Northern District of Oklahoma	564	89%	500	64.6%
Western District of Oklahoma	584	91%	576	52.4%
District of Utah	779	84%	421	77.9%
District of Wyoming	181	95%	151	74.8%
Eleventh Circuit	5,543	90%	5,539	65.3%
Middle District of Alabama	263	96%	283	65.4%
Northern District of Alabama	516	80%	404	55.2%
Southern District of Alabama	299	95%	221	63.3%
Middle District of Florida	1,528	90%	1,769	71.7%
Northern District of Florida	301	93%	372	69.4%
Southern District of Florida	1,457	96%	1,511	65.3%
Middle District of Georgia	405	81%	292	55.8%
Northern District of Georgia	502	92%	461	59.2%
Southern District of Georgia	272	85%	226	52.7%

People sentenced: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB; a circuit is the sum of its districts. Sentenced to prison: prison only, or prison and alternatives, of those whose sentence type is known.

Pretrial cases and the percent detained and never released, all cases: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B (Table H-14), as printed. H-14 leaves out the District of Columbia.

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Federal agencies

Federal agencies that sent the FBI offenses in incident detail from 2021 on. They report to the FBI directly and belong to no state or county.