Southern District of New York

A U.S. district court in the Second Circuit, in New York. Its figures are federal cases and are never added to New York's.

People sentenced, FY2025: 899
Noncitizens, FY2025: 25%
Pretrial cases, FY2025: 716
Detained, FY2025: 60.2%

Federal sentences

People sentenced in this court under the federal guidelines, by federal fiscal year (October to September), counted by CrimeDB from the Sentencing Commission's records. Dashed lines mark changes in federal sentencing law.

People sentenced, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2003: PROTECT Act, April 30, 2003: appeals courts review departures from the guidelines anew, and the Commission must cut downward departures.
FY2005: United States v. Booker, January 12, 2005: the guidelines become advisory, so FY2005 holds sentences from before and after.
FY2008: Gall and Kimbrough, December 10, 2007: judges may sentence outside the range with less reason given, including over the crack to powder ratio.
FY2010: Fair Sentencing Act, August 3, 2010: crack cocaine thresholds rise and the crack to powder ratio falls from 100 to 1 to about 18 to 1.
FY2019: First Step Act, December 21, 2018: a wider safety valve, no more stacked gun counts, and the crack changes made retroactive.
FY2024: Guideline amendments of November 1, 2023: fewer criminal history points for offenses committed under supervision, and a lower range for people with none.

Sentence type and length, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Prison only	90%806	806
Prison and alternatives	4%37	37
Probation and alternatives	2%18	18
Probation only	4%36	36
Fine only	<1%2	2

Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. The median prison term was 38 months (mean 65) for the 843 sentenced to prison, 3 of them to life; life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as the Commission counts them.

Percent sentenced to prison, FY2002 to FY2025

Median prison term in months, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced by offense, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Drug Trafficking	28%248	248
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	20%177	177
Firearms	13%112	112
Bribery/Corruption	8%69	69
Money Launder	7%61	61
Robbery	6%55	55
Assault	5%48	48
Murder	3%26	26
Immigration	2%22	22
Tax	2%18	18
Sex Abuse	1%10	10
Extortion/Racketeering	1%8	8
Kidnapping	1%8	8
Administration of Justice	1%7	7
Child Pornography	1%6	6
Drug Possession	<1%4	4
Prison Offenses	<1%3	3
Stalking/Harassing	<1%3	3
Antitrust	<1%2	2
Commercialized Vice	<1%2	2
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	<1%2	2
Individual Rights	<1%2	2
Manslaughter	<1%2	2
Environmental	<1%1	1
National Defense	<1%1	1
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	<1%1	1
Other	<1%1	1

All 899 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline).

People sentenced in the Southern District of New York by offense, FY2018 to FY2025

Offense	FY2018	FY2019*	FY2020	FY2021	FY2022	FY2023	FY2024*	FY2025
Drug Trafficking	561	608	389	344	464	381	270	248
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	273	307	194	178	251	268	264	177
Firearms	113	120	61	99	144	143	124	112
Robbery	74	98	30	63	89	55	89	55
Money Launder	52	45	39	56	60	77	64	61
Immigration	70	64	51	29	34	21	24	22
Assault	45	41	23	25	40	42	49	48
Murder	43	47	39	28	58	29	32	26
Bribery/Corruption	14	36	13	12	34	21	31	69
Sex Abuse	24	21	14	16	25	15	28	10
Extortion/Racketeering	34	20	15	21	9	23	11	8
Tax	19	22	6	11	19	7	8	18
Administration of Justice	25	12	9	12	14	7	13	7
Child Pornography	12	18	5	12	10	14	14	6
Commercialized Vice	30	8	5	3	4	9	1	2
Prison Offenses	9	11	5	7	7	7	4	3
Stalking/Harassing	6	4	1	5	11	8	5	3
Drug Possession	6	8	9	6	4	2	1	4
Kidnapping	7	3	0	3	3	5	7	8
National Defense	4	4	4	5	1	7	3	1
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	6	1	6	1	4	0	0	2
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	8	7	2	0	0	0	0	1
Individual Rights	5	3	0	1	0	2	3	2
Other	2	2	2	0	4	2	2	1
Arson	3	4	0	2	2	0	0	0
Environmental	1	0	0	2	5	2	0	1
Antitrust	0	0	3	2	0	1	0	2
Burglary/Trespass	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
Food and Drug	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
Manslaughter	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
All offenses	1,446	1,515	926	943	1,297	1,148	1,048	899

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Earlier years, under the Commission's older offense types, are in the tables at the foot of the page.

People sentenced by citizenship, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
U.S. citizen	75%670	670
Not a U.S. citizen	25%227	227
Citizenship not known	<1%2	2

22 of the 899 were sentenced for an immigration offense.

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025
Hispanic, 2 placed by CrimeDB	42%381	381
Black, 3 placed by CrimeDB	34%303	303
White+MENA, 1 placed by CrimeDB	18%162	162
Asian+NHPI	5%44	44
AIAN	<1%1	1
Race unknown	1%8	8

Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer
Race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race

All 899 people sentenced. Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer. Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people. USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 6 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025
I	64%574	574
II	13%117	117
III	11%98	98
IV	4%34	34
V	3%29	29
VI	5%43	43
Category not known	<1%4	4

All 899 people sentenced. By the category the court found, I (least) to VI (most), from points for prior sentences under the guidelines.

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025
Within the range	25%223	223
Above the range	2%14	14
Below the range, government-sponsored	26%235	235
Below the range, not government-sponsored	47%423	423
Not known or not comparable	<1%4	4

All 899 people sentenced. In the Commission's four groups. Government-sponsored: the prosecutor moved for it, for substantial assistance, early disposition, or another reason.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention

Defendants whose pretrial services case opened in the fiscal year, and the percent detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints them. Table H-14 counts every case, H-14A leaves out immigration cases, and H-14B, from FY2022, leaves out the cases U.S. Courts classes as illegal alien cases.

Percent detained, all cases (H-14), FY2006 to FY2025

Pretrial release and detention, FY2025

Which cases	Table	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
All cases	H-14	716	431	285	60.2%	39.8%
Excluding immigration cases	H-14A	693	414	279	59.7%	40.3%
Excluding illegal alien cases	H-14B	575	297	278	51.7%	48.3%

Detained: detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints it.

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B.

Every figure as a table

People sentenced in the Southern District of New York, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	U.S. citizens	Noncitizens	Citizenship not known	Immigration offenses
FY2002	1,608	953	632	23	165
FY2003	1,829	1,145	659	25	156
FY2004	1,462	887	549	26	133
FY2005	1,650	986	636	28	171
FY2006	1,763	1,002	737	24	201
FY2007	1,654	929	709	16	175
FY2008	1,588	909	668	11	125
FY2009	1,649	847	794	8	310
FY2010	1,435	830	589	16	202
FY2011	1,593	890	688	15	211
FY2012	1,540	941	589	10	151
FY2013	1,548	1,076	466	6	97
FY2014	1,690	1,151	536	3	93
FY2015	1,648	1,197	448	3	86
FY2016	1,350	990	358	2	67
FY2017	1,463	1,079	381	3	63
FY2018	1,446	1,093	350	3	70
FY2019	1,515	1,165	348	2	64
FY2020	926	660	263	3	51
FY2021	943	731	210	2	29
FY2022	1,297	1,025	270	2	34
FY2023	1,148	886	261	1	21
FY2024	1,048	816	229	3	24
FY2025	899	670	227	2	22

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Immigration offenses are the Commission's offense type for the year (OFFTYPE2 to FY2009, OFFTYPSB to FY2017, OFFGUIDE from FY2018).

Sentence type in the Southern District of New York, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	Prison only	Prison and alternatives	Probation and alternatives	Probation only	Fine only	Type not known	Sentenced to prison	Life sentences
FY2002	1,608	1,208	69	119	193	13	6	80%	9
FY2003*	1,829	1,365	78	120	235	15	16	80%	7
FY2004	1,462	1,137	58	89	164	8	6	82%	7
FY2005*	1,650	1,280	65	78	216	7	4	82%	8
FY2006	1,763	1,445	57	108	146	4	3	85%	12
FY2007	1,654	1,367	47	92	140	7	1	86%	5
FY2008*	1,588	1,299	44	95	147	2	1	85%	7
FY2009	1,649	1,367	69	84	127	2	0	87%	6
FY2010*	1,435	1,191	60	50	129	2	3	87%	6
FY2011	1,593	1,365	59	77	89	2	1	89%	7
FY2012	1,540	1,296	67	57	116	4	0	89%	5
FY2013	1,548	1,326	63	48	107	4	0	90%	7
FY2014	1,690	1,420	66	79	119	6	0	88%	10
FY2015	1,648	1,407	96	38	103	4	0	91%	17
FY2016	1,350	1,145	77	34	93	1	0	91%	3
FY2017	1,463	1,291	76	28	67	1	0	93%	3
FY2018	1,446	1,288	86	16	53	3	0	95%	6
FY2019*	1,515	1,361	79	18	55	2	0	95%	11
FY2020	926	823	58	11	31	3	0	95%	5
FY2021	943	852	43	14	31	3	0	95%	5
FY2022	1,297	1,166	65	24	40	2	0	95%	1
FY2023	1,148	1,051	53	18	26	0	0	96%	6
FY2024*	1,048	948	53	15	32	0	0	96%	5
FY2025	899	806	37	18	36	2	0	94%	3

USSC's sentence types (SENTIMP). Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. Sentenced to prison: prison only, or prison and alternatives, of those whose type is known.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Sentence length in the Southern District of New York, by fiscal year (months)

Fiscal year	Sentence, mean	Sentence, median	People sentenced	Prison term, mean	Prison term, median	Sentenced to prison
FY2002	46	24	1,600	58	37	1,268
FY2003*	47	27	1,810	58	37	1,426
FY2004	50	29	1,456	61	38	1,176
FY2005*	49	30	1,645	60	41	1,332
FY2006	54	33	1,759	64	42	1,479
FY2007	54	36	1,653	63	46	1,390
FY2008*	51	32	1,586	62	45	1,286
FY2009	47	26	1,647	57	36	1,330
FY2010*	43	24	1,432	53	36	1,158
FY2011	44	24	1,592	53	34	1,297
FY2012	45	28	1,540	54	36	1,250
FY2013	48	27	1,548	59	37	1,248
FY2014	47	25	1,690	59	37	1,333
FY2015	51	30	1,648	60	38	1,363
FY2016	43	24	1,350	56	36	1,028
FY2017	49	30	1,463	60	41	1,186
FY2018	50	30	1,446	52	30	1,374
FY2019*	50	30	1,515	52	33	1,440
FY2020	47	24	926	49	27	881
FY2021	48	30	943	51	30	895
FY2022	53	33	1,297	55	36	1,231
FY2023	53	34	1,148	54	36	1,104
FY2024*	59	36	1,048	62	38	1,001
FY2025	61	36	899	65	38	843

Sentence: prison and alternative confinement, with probation and fines as zero (USSC's sentence length). Prison term: prison alone, for those sentenced to prison (USSC's length of imprisonment). Life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as USSC counts them.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced in the Southern District of New York by offense, FY2002 to FY2009

Offense	FY2002	FY2003*	FY2004	FY2005*	FY2006	FY2007	FY2008*	FY2009
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	488	587	472	595	675	671	634	558
Fraud	404	429	350	373	326	317	297	281
Immigration	165	156	133	171	201	175	125	310
Firearms	76	158	151	168	155	127	132	150
Racketeering/Extortion	95	111	54	54	62	73	45	47
Larceny	62	102	71	64	48	25	56	46
Money Laundering	59	66	48	42	70	50	69	45
Forgery/Counterfeiting	37	33	28	18	14	11	26	23
Administration of Justice	17	21	22	28	21	23	28	26
Pornography/Prostitution	10	18	14	23	17	33	37	20
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	13	18	22	18	18	19	27	29
Tax Offenses	43	21	24	14	14	9	13	15
Gambling/Lottery	0	10	2	2	44	34	21	14
Embezzlement	14	20	15	17	21	13	15	9
Robbery	17	14	11	18	14	9	7	16
Bribery	20	10	8	18	10	8	10	7
Drugs - Communication Facilities	22	7	6	7	12	14	9	10
Assault	6	5	7	9	4	6	7	5
Drugs - Simple Possession	1	7	1	3	11	5	9	11
Prison Offenses	4	4	3	1	9	6	6	5
Murder	8	1	4	2	1	7	4	5
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	8	7	2	0	4	4	2	1
Antitrust Violations	12	4	2	0	2	5	0	1
Food and Drug Offenses	5	5	0	1	1	2	2	1
Auto Theft	6	4	2	1	0	0	0	3
Sexual Abuse	0	0	1	0	2	4	4	5
National Defense Offenses	0	2	0	0	2	2	3	5
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	1	0	5	1	2	1	0	0
Burglary/Breaking and Entering	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
Civil Rights Offenses	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	1
Arson	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manslaughter	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Offense type not known	10	6	4	0	1	1	0	0
All offenses	1,608	1,829	1,462	1,650	1,763	1,654	1,588	1,649

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPE2). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Southern District of New York by offense, FY2010 to FY2017

Offense	FY2010*	FY2011	FY2012	FY2013	FY2014	FY2015	FY2016	FY2017
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	516	610	638	617	604	719	486	575
Fraud	286	307	304	360	376	305	278	253
Firearms	109	117	128	166	176	169	193	208
Immigration	202	211	151	97	93	86	67	63
Racketeering/Extortion	68	69	69	79	111	116	83	129
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	29	34	33	17	60	40	28	40
Larceny	42	37	36	29	46	30	43	17
Money Laundering	32	55	37	24	37	15	29	20
Administration of Justice	18	22	34	22	39	27	21	16
Child Pornography	19	7	14	12	21	22	18	23
Tax Offenses	21	15	12	20	19	19	11	9
Robbery	11	6	12	17	8	10	12	17
Forgery/Counterfeiting	14	18	7	15	12	5	9	10
Bribery	12	12	10	7	11	4	12	4
Embezzlement	7	11	8	9	6	10	10	7
Murder	6	5	3	7	4	19	12	8
Drugs - Simple Possession	3	15	5	7	6	10	4	13
Gambling/Lottery	12	17	3	1	16	3	1	8
Prison Offenses	3	2	5	8	6	9	10	14
Drugs - Communication Facilities	6	3	6	3	10	9	5	2
Sexual Abuse	4	10	1	2	4	5	1	12
National Defense Offenses	3	5	3	7	7	6	5	2
Assault	5	1	6	10	5	4	4	2
Food and Drug Offenses	0	0	5	5	8	0	2	5
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	2	0	6	1	1	2	4	0
Auto Theft	3	3	4	1	0	1	0	1
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	0	0	0	2	2	1	2	2
Antitrust Violations	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	0
Civil Rights Offenses	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	2
Arson	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Burglary/Breaking and Entering	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
All offenses	1,435	1,593	1,540	1,548	1,690	1,648	1,350	1,463

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPSB). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Southern District of New York by offense, FY2025

Offense	People sentenced	Share
Drug Trafficking	248	28%
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	177	20%
Firearms	112	13%
Bribery/Corruption	69	8%
Money Launder	61	7%
Robbery	55	6%
Assault	48	5%
Murder	26	3%
Immigration	22	2%
Tax	18	2%
Sex Abuse	10	1%
Extortion/Racketeering	8	1%
Kidnapping	8	1%
Administration of Justice	7	1%
Child Pornography	6	1%
Drug Possession	4	<1%
Prison Offenses	3	<1%
Stalking/Harassing	3	<1%
Antitrust	2	<1%
Commercialized Vice	2	<1%
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	2	<1%
Individual Rights	2	<1%
Manslaughter	2	<1%
Environmental	1	<1%
National Defense	1	<1%
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	1	<1%
Other	1	<1%

All 899 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

People sentenced in the Southern District of New York by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

Race and Hispanic origin	People sentenced	Of which placed by CrimeDB	Share
Hispanic	381	2	42%
Black	303	3	34%
White+MENA	162	1	18%
Asian+NHPI	44	0	5%
AIAN	1	0	<1%
Race unknown	8	0	1%

All 899 people sentenced.

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 6 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Of which placed by CrimeDB: the part of each group CrimeDB placed (race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race); the rest of each group is as USSC recorded it.

People sentenced in the Southern District of New York by criminal history category, FY2025

Criminal history category	People sentenced	Share
I	574	64%
II	117	13%
III	98	11%
IV	34	4%
V	29	3%
VI	43	5%
Category not known	4	<1%

All 899 people sentenced.

The category the court found (XCRHISSR), I (least) to VI (most).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Sentences in the Southern District of New York against the guideline range, FY2025

Against the guideline range	People sentenced	Share
Within the range	223	25%
Above the range	14	2%
Below the range, government-sponsored	235	26%
Below the range, not government-sponsored	423	47%
Not known or not comparable	4	<1%

All 899 people sentenced.

The Commission's four groups (SENTRNGE collapsed as its Sourcebook does).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention in the Southern District of New York, all cases (Table H-14)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	1,606	810	796	50.4%	49.6%
FY2007	1,578	759	819	48.1%	51.9%
FY2008	1,564	785	779	50.2%	49.8%
FY2009	1,854	1,070	784	57.7%	42.3%
FY2010	1,902	1,007	895	52.9%	47.1%
FY2011	1,990	1,144	846	57.5%	42.5%
FY2012	1,701	902	799	53.0%	47.0%
FY2013	1,812	946	866	52.2%	47.8%
FY2014	1,444	774	670	53.6%	46.4%
FY2015	1,440	783	657	54.4%	45.6%
FY2016	1,682	907	775	53.9%	46.1%
FY2017	1,620	915	705	56.5%	43.5%
FY2018	1,521	805	716	52.9%	47.1%
FY2019	1,297	648	649	50.0%	50.0%
FY2020	1,278	624	654	48.8%	51.2%
FY2021	1,193	568	625	47.6%	52.4%
FY2022	1,048	526	522	50.2%	49.8%
FY2023	984	505	479	51.3%	48.7%
FY2024	838	405	433	48.3%	51.7%
FY2025	716	431	285	60.2%	39.8%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Southern District of New York, excluding immigration cases (Table H-14A)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	1,516	730	786	48.2%	51.8%
FY2007	1,457	651	806	44.7%	55.3%
FY2008	1,454	688	766	47.3%	52.7%
FY2009	1,531	757	774	49.4%	50.6%
FY2010	1,735	841	894	48.5%	51.5%
FY2011	1,804	960	844	53.2%	46.8%
FY2012	1,624	830	794	51.1%	48.9%
FY2013	1,756	890	866	50.7%	49.3%
FY2014	1,385	715	670	51.6%	48.4%
FY2015	1,385	730	655	52.7%	47.3%
FY2016	1,635	860	775	52.6%	47.4%
FY2017	1,578	873	705	55.3%	44.7%
FY2018	1,450	734	716	50.6%	49.4%
FY2019	1,248	601	647	48.2%	51.8%
FY2020	1,244	597	647	48.0%	52.0%
FY2021	1,152	536	616	46.5%	53.5%
FY2022	1,024	509	515	49.7%	50.3%
FY2023	962	489	473	50.8%	49.2%
FY2024	815	389	426	47.7%	52.3%
FY2025	693	414	279	59.7%	40.3%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Southern District of New York, excluding illegal alien cases (Table H-14B)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2022	950	460	490	48.4%	51.6%
FY2023	896	441	455	49.2%	50.8%
FY2024	744	332	412	44.6%	55.4%
FY2025	575	297	278	51.7%	48.3%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.