Northern District of Ohio

A U.S. district court in the Sixth Circuit, in Ohio. Its figures are federal cases and are never added to Ohio's.

People sentenced, FY2025: 662
Noncitizens, FY2025: 14%
Pretrial cases, FY2025: 660
Detained, FY2025: 57.6%

Federal sentences

People sentenced in this court under the federal guidelines, by federal fiscal year (October to September), counted by CrimeDB from the Sentencing Commission's records. Dashed lines mark changes in federal sentencing law.

People sentenced, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2003: PROTECT Act, April 30, 2003: appeals courts review departures from the guidelines anew, and the Commission must cut downward departures.
FY2005: United States v. Booker, January 12, 2005: the guidelines become advisory, so FY2005 holds sentences from before and after.
FY2008: Gall and Kimbrough, December 10, 2007: judges may sentence outside the range with less reason given, including over the crack to powder ratio.
FY2010: Fair Sentencing Act, August 3, 2010: crack cocaine thresholds rise and the crack to powder ratio falls from 100 to 1 to about 18 to 1.
FY2019: First Step Act, December 21, 2018: a wider safety valve, no more stacked gun counts, and the crack changes made retroactive.
FY2024: Guideline amendments of November 1, 2023: fewer criminal history points for offenses committed under supervision, and a lower range for people with none.

Sentence type and length, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Prison only	87%574	574
Prison and alternatives	3%23	23
Probation and alternatives	3%17	17
Probation only	7%47	47
Fine only	<1%1	1

Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. The median prison term was 51 months (mean 76) for the 597 sentenced to prison; life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as the Commission counts them.

Percent sentenced to prison, FY2002 to FY2025

Median prison term in months, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced by offense, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Drug Trafficking	37%247	247
Firearms	20%129	129
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	12%80	80
Immigration	10%65	65
Child Pornography	5%36	36
Robbery	4%25	25
Money Launder	4%24	24
Sex Abuse	2%13	13
Prison Offenses	1%9	9
Tax	1%6	6
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	1%5	5
Administration of Justice	1%3	3
Bribery/Corruption	1%3	3
Extortion/Racketeering	1%3	3
Murder	1%3	3
Arson	<1%2	2
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	<1%2	2
Other	<1%2	2
Stalking/Harassing	<1%2	2
Assault	<1%1	1
Food and Drug	<1%1	1
National Defense	<1%1	1

All 662 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline).

People sentenced in the Northern District of Ohio by offense, FY2018 to FY2025

Offense	FY2018	FY2019*	FY2020	FY2021	FY2022	FY2023	FY2024*	FY2025
Drug Trafficking	221	337	312	368	543	359	393	247
Firearms	134	175	166	232	331	232	164	129
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	102	78	72	61	94	117	93	80
Immigration	86	131	90	32	24	33	36	65
Child Pornography	35	34	23	19	34	31	35	36
Robbery	25	25	30	24	26	21	31	25
Money Launder	63	21	35	12	11	15	13	24
Sex Abuse	10	19	7	10	21	9	12	13
Tax	12	15	4	8	7	12	17	6
Prison Offenses	3	7	8	5	9	7	4	9
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	4	9	5	7	6	4	4	2
Bribery/Corruption	0	8	5	9	6	5	4	3
Stalking/Harassing	3	7	10	8	7	2	1	2
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	6	11	2	2	4	3	4	5
Administration of Justice	6	7	7	3	6	3	1	3
Assault	2	1	1	4	3	9	3	1
Murder	1	6	3	0	0	1	0	3
Arson	0	3	0	0	3	2	1	2
Commercialized Vice	0	0	1	4	0	0	6	0
Extortion/Racketeering	1	0	0	0	1	6	0	3
National Defense	1	2	1	1	0	1	2	1
Other	0	1	2	0	0	2	2	2
Environmental	0	1	2	2	1	1	1	0
Food and Drug	1	2	0	2	1	0	0	1
Kidnapping	0	0	1	2	0	1	2	0
Manslaughter	0	1	0	1	1	2	0	0
Drug Possession	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	0
Individual Rights	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0
Burglary/Trespass	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
All offenses	716	901	787	819	1,141	880	829	662

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Earlier years, under the Commission's older offense types, are in the tables at the foot of the page.

People sentenced by citizenship, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
U.S. citizen	86%567	567
Not a U.S. citizen	14%94	94
Citizenship not known	<1%1	1

65 of the 662 were sentenced for an immigration offense.

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025
Black, 28 placed by CrimeDB	53%352	352
White+MENA, 8 placed by CrimeDB	28%185	185
Hispanic, 4 placed by CrimeDB	15%99	99
Asian+NHPI	2%11	11
Race unknown	2%15	15

Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer
Race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race

All 662 people sentenced. Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer. Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people. USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 40 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025
I	39%257	257
II	17%109	109
III	15%102	102
IV	7%49	49
V	9%56	56
VI	13%89	89

All 662 people sentenced. By the category the court found, I (least) to VI (most), from points for prior sentences under the guidelines.

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025
Within the range	38%252	252
Above the range	2%16	16
Below the range, government-sponsored	29%193	193
Below the range, not government-sponsored	30%201	201

All 662 people sentenced. In the Commission's four groups. Government-sponsored: the prosecutor moved for it, for substantial assistance, early disposition, or another reason.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention

Defendants whose pretrial services case opened in the fiscal year, and the percent detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints them. Table H-14 counts every case, H-14A leaves out immigration cases, and H-14B, from FY2022, leaves out the cases U.S. Courts classes as illegal alien cases.

Percent detained, all cases (H-14), FY2006 to FY2025

Pretrial release and detention, FY2025

Which cases	Table	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
All cases	H-14	660	380	280	57.6%	42.4%
Excluding immigration cases	H-14A	599	319	280	53.3%	46.7%
Excluding illegal alien cases	H-14B	557	281	276	50.4%	49.6%

Detained: detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints it.

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B.

Every figure as a table

People sentenced in the Northern District of Ohio, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	U.S. citizens	Noncitizens	Citizenship not known	Immigration offenses
FY2002	869	805	55	9	21
FY2003	928	849	71	8	23
FY2004	802	732	59	11	31
FY2005	1,032	919	92	21	49
FY2006	976	902	67	7	31
FY2007	881	790	84	7	43
FY2008	905	823	75	7	42
FY2009	673	607	63	3	33
FY2010	667	582	84	1	46
FY2011	631	575	55	1	31
FY2012	909	819	88	2	57
FY2013	895	836	54	5	39
FY2014	773	722	45	6	26
FY2015	680	626	52	2	30
FY2016	585	544	40	1	19
FY2017	546	485	60	1	35
FY2018	716	588	128	0	86
FY2019	901	723	178	0	131
FY2020	787	674	113	0	90
FY2021	819	762	55	2	32
FY2022	1,141	1,078	62	1	24
FY2023	880	825	54	1	33
FY2024	829	759	69	1	36
FY2025	662	567	94	1	65

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Immigration offenses are the Commission's offense type for the year (OFFTYPE2 to FY2009, OFFTYPSB to FY2017, OFFGUIDE from FY2018).

Sentence type in the Northern District of Ohio, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	Prison only	Prison and alternatives	Probation and alternatives	Probation only	Fine only	Type not known	Sentenced to prison	Life sentences
FY2002	869	643	54	69	89	6	8	81%	1
FY2003*	928	668	51	98	96	9	6	78%	1
FY2004	802	567	50	84	89	6	6	78%	1
FY2005*	1,032	782	63	87	88	10	2	82%	5
FY2006	976	764	58	95	56	3	0	84%	2
FY2007	881	696	49	80	55	0	1	85%	2
FY2008*	905	708	47	76	72	1	1	84%	1
FY2009	673	489	36	67	79	2	0	78%	1
FY2010*	667	505	27	55	77	3	0	80%	1
FY2011	631	481	47	49	54	0	0	84%	2
FY2012	909	685	56	91	77	0	0	82%	0
FY2013	895	674	48	70	103	0	0	81%	0
FY2014	773	582	33	71	75	12	0	80%	1
FY2015	680	555	34	49	38	4	0	87%	1
FY2016	585	457	36	35	54	3	0	84%	2
FY2017	546	467	14	25	39	1	0	88%	0
FY2018	716	624	30	32	30	0	0	91%	4
FY2019*	901	801	35	20	45	0	0	93%	3
FY2020	787	657	19	38	73	0	0	86%	0
FY2021	819	707	16	25	67	4	0	88%	0
FY2022	1,141	1,013	31	30	66	1	0	91%	1
FY2023	880	778	23	20	59	0	0	91%	0
FY2024*	829	750	9	24	46	0	0	92%	1
FY2025	662	574	23	17	47	1	0	90%	0

USSC's sentence types (SENTIMP). Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. Sentenced to prison: prison only, or prison and alternatives, of those whose type is known.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Sentence length in the Northern District of Ohio, by fiscal year (months)

Fiscal year	Sentence, mean	Sentence, median	People sentenced	Prison term, mean	Prison term, median	Sentenced to prison
FY2002	42	24	856	52	37	691
FY2003*	43	24	921	54	37	718
FY2004	45	27	792	57	37	612
FY2005*	49	30	1,030	58	40	844
FY2006	55	37	976	64	46	819
FY2007	59	40	881	69	51	742
FY2008*	52	33	904	62	46	751
FY2009	50	30	673	63	46	523
FY2010*	45	29	667	55	41	529
FY2011	50	30	631	59	39	525
FY2012	47	26	909	57	37	733
FY2013	49	30	895	61	42	715
FY2014	53	33	773	67	46	607
FY2015	58	38	680	66	48	585
FY2016	57	36	585	67	46	487
FY2017	65	41	546	75	55	467
FY2018	58	36	716	63	41	654
FY2019*	59	36	901	63	41	836
FY2020	54	33	787	62	42	676
FY2021	55	37	819	62	46	723
FY2022	61	42	1,141	66	46	1,044
FY2023	59	41	880	64	48	801
FY2024*	68	48	829	74	54	759
FY2025	69	42	662	76	51	597

Sentence: prison and alternative confinement, with probation and fines as zero (USSC's sentence length). Prison term: prison alone, for those sentenced to prison (USSC's length of imprisonment). Life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as USSC counts them.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced in the Northern District of Ohio by offense, FY2002 to FY2009

Offense	FY2002	FY2003*	FY2004	FY2005*	FY2006	FY2007	FY2008*	FY2009
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	332	331	220	354	398	365	367	183
Fraud	178	231	162	134	145	128	114	107
Firearms	80	102	114	166	141	124	140	124
Robbery	47	45	48	49	64	24	28	23
Forgery/Counterfeiting	38	24	55	32	42	42	50	39
Immigration	21	23	31	49	31	43	42	33
Larceny	48	26	25	25	24	26	26	33
Embezzlement	31	41	24	36	18	20	20	13
Pornography/Prostitution	14	14	25	29	30	21	25	33
Tax Offenses	12	7	20	12	14	8	13	16
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	13	11	7	19	10	7	13	17
Money Laundering	5	16	13	9	9	12	19	9
Gambling/Lottery	2	9	23	18	5	11	7	4
Administration of Justice	11	9	3	5	15	14	9	6
Racketeering/Extortion	9	5	12	17	5	14	1	8
Drugs - Communication Facilities	4	3	0	36	5	4	3	1
Prison Offenses	5	10	3	5	1	1	6	4
Sexual Abuse	2	3	5	7	7	3	5	3
Bribery	4	2	2	8	4	2	5	5
Assault	4	1	1	6	1	3	8	2
Civil Rights Offenses	1	1	0	8	2	2	0	1
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	2	1	2	4	1	0	1	2
Drugs - Simple Possession	3	1	3	0	1	1	1	2
Arson	2	0	1	0	1	3	1	0
Auto Theft	0	4	1	0	2	0	0	0
Food and Drug Offenses	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	3
Murder	0	1	0	1	0	2	1	1
Antitrust Violations	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0
National Defense Offenses	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
Manslaughter	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Offense type not known	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0
All offenses	869	928	802	1,032	976	881	905	673

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPE2). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Northern District of Ohio by offense, FY2010 to FY2017

Offense	FY2010*	FY2011	FY2012	FY2013	FY2014	FY2015	FY2016	FY2017
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	151	188	248	307	247	262	180	175
Fraud	100	117	197	190	116	118	105	117
Firearms	131	125	185	151	163	116	98	73
Immigration	46	31	57	39	26	30	19	35
Child Pornography	24	26	26	24	37	35	46	32
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	35	12	26	25	39	30	15	17
Robbery	19	19	31	20	11	10	19	18
Larceny	44	18	11	22	13	7	16	10
Forgery/Counterfeiting	39	13	21	15	20	11	10	2
Administration of Justice	11	13	11	17	8	13	7	9
Money Laundering	8	4	16	5	16	8	20	11
Tax Offenses	14	13	12	12	12	2	7	6
Racketeering/Extortion	7	10	28	8	8	1	7	1
Embezzlement	10	10	9	4	14	8	5	4
Prison Offenses	4	4	8	7	11	1	7	5
Sexual Abuse	4	1	8	5	5	2	11	11
Bribery	3	18	3	6	1	1	1	7
Assault	2	2	6	7	6	4	1	7
Civil Rights Offenses	1	0	0	14	2	0	2	2
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	4	2	1	2	3	3	0	2
Food and Drug Offenses	2	0	0	0	8	3	4	0
Auto Theft	0	2	1	5	0	5	0	1
Drugs - Communication Facilities	1	0	1	3	0	3	3	0
Arson	1	0	0	2	2	3	0	0
National Defense Offenses	3	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Antitrust Violations	0	0	0	1	2	2	0	0
Drugs - Simple Possession	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
Murder	2	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
Gambling/Lottery	0	0	0	0	1	2	1	0
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	1
Burglary/Breaking and Entering	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
All offenses	667	631	909	895	773	680	585	546

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPSB). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Northern District of Ohio by offense, FY2025

Offense	People sentenced	Share
Drug Trafficking	247	37%
Firearms	129	20%
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	80	12%
Immigration	65	10%
Child Pornography	36	5%
Robbery	25	4%
Money Launder	24	4%
Sex Abuse	13	2%
Prison Offenses	9	1%
Tax	6	1%
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	5	1%
Administration of Justice	3	1%
Bribery/Corruption	3	1%
Extortion/Racketeering	3	1%
Murder	3	1%
Arson	2	<1%
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	2	<1%
Other	2	<1%
Stalking/Harassing	2	<1%
Assault	1	<1%
Food and Drug	1	<1%
National Defense	1	<1%

All 662 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

People sentenced in the Northern District of Ohio by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

Race and Hispanic origin	People sentenced	Of which placed by CrimeDB	Share
Black	352	28	53%
White+MENA	185	8	28%
Hispanic	99	4	15%
Asian+NHPI	11	0	2%
Race unknown	15	0	2%

All 662 people sentenced.

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 40 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Of which placed by CrimeDB: the part of each group CrimeDB placed (race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race); the rest of each group is as USSC recorded it.

People sentenced in the Northern District of Ohio by criminal history category, FY2025

Criminal history category	People sentenced	Share
I	257	39%
II	109	17%
III	102	15%
IV	49	7%
V	56	9%
VI	89	13%

All 662 people sentenced.

The category the court found (XCRHISSR), I (least) to VI (most).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Sentences in the Northern District of Ohio against the guideline range, FY2025

Against the guideline range	People sentenced	Share
Within the range	252	38%
Above the range	16	2%
Below the range, government-sponsored	193	29%
Below the range, not government-sponsored	201	30%

All 662 people sentenced.

The Commission's four groups (SENTRNGE collapsed as its Sourcebook does).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention in the Northern District of Ohio, all cases (Table H-14)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	903	400	503	44.3%	55.7%
FY2007	826	386	440	46.7%	53.3%
FY2008	822	346	476	42.1%	57.9%
FY2009	703	293	410	41.7%	58.3%
FY2010	656	293	363	44.7%	55.3%
FY2011	835	401	434	48.0%	52.0%
FY2012	821	394	427	48.0%	52.0%
FY2013	800	356	444	44.5%	55.5%
FY2014	632	329	303	52.1%	47.9%
FY2015	599	243	356	40.6%	59.4%
FY2016	511	256	255	50.1%	49.9%
FY2017	587	334	253	56.9%	43.1%
FY2018	806	506	300	62.8%	37.2%
FY2019	862	546	316	63.3%	36.7%
FY2020	736	417	319	56.7%	43.3%
FY2021	972	508	464	52.3%	47.7%
FY2022	700	335	365	47.9%	52.1%
FY2023	707	390	317	55.2%	44.8%
FY2024	529	258	271	48.8%	51.2%
FY2025	660	380	280	57.6%	42.4%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Northern District of Ohio, excluding immigration cases (Table H-14A)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	878	375	503	42.7%	57.3%
FY2007	799	359	440	44.9%	55.1%
FY2008	790	314	476	39.7%	60.3%
FY2009	676	269	407	39.8%	60.2%
FY2010	627	264	363	42.1%	57.9%
FY2011	804	370	434	46.0%	54.0%
FY2012	782	356	426	45.5%	54.5%
FY2013	773	330	443	42.7%	57.3%
FY2014	617	314	303	50.9%	49.1%
FY2015	587	233	354	39.7%	60.3%
FY2016	498	244	254	49.0%	51.0%
FY2017	557	304	253	54.6%	45.4%
FY2018	733	433	300	59.1%	40.9%
FY2019	787	473	314	60.1%	39.9%
FY2020	695	377	318	54.2%	45.8%
FY2021	951	490	461	51.5%	48.5%
FY2022	689	324	365	47.0%	53.0%
FY2023	672	356	316	53.0%	47.0%
FY2024	501	231	270	46.1%	53.9%
FY2025	599	319	280	53.3%	46.7%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Northern District of Ohio, excluding illegal alien cases (Table H-14B)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2022	681	316	365	46.4%	53.6%
FY2023	663	351	312	52.9%	47.1%
FY2024	492	224	268	45.5%	54.5%
FY2025	557	281	276	50.4%	49.6%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.