Northern District of New York

A U.S. district court in the Second Circuit, in New York. Its figures are federal cases and are never added to New York's.

People sentenced, FY2025: 419
Noncitizens, FY2025: 37%
Pretrial cases, FY2025: 449
Detained, FY2025: 69.9%

Federal sentences

People sentenced in this court under the federal guidelines, by federal fiscal year (October to September), counted by CrimeDB from the Sentencing Commission's records. Dashed lines mark changes in federal sentencing law.

People sentenced, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2003: PROTECT Act, April 30, 2003: appeals courts review departures from the guidelines anew, and the Commission must cut downward departures.
FY2005: United States v. Booker, January 12, 2005: the guidelines become advisory, so FY2005 holds sentences from before and after.
FY2008: Gall and Kimbrough, December 10, 2007: judges may sentence outside the range with less reason given, including over the crack to powder ratio.
FY2010: Fair Sentencing Act, August 3, 2010: crack cocaine thresholds rise and the crack to powder ratio falls from 100 to 1 to about 18 to 1.
FY2019: First Step Act, December 21, 2018: a wider safety valve, no more stacked gun counts, and the crack changes made retroactive.
FY2024: Guideline amendments of November 1, 2023: fewer criminal history points for offenses committed under supervision, and a lower range for people with none.

Sentence type and length, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Prison only	91%380	380
Prison and alternatives	1%3	3
Probation and alternatives	1%4	4
Probation only	8%32	32

Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. The median prison term was 18 months (mean 52) for the 383 sentenced to prison, 1 of them to life; life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as the Commission counts them.

Percent sentenced to prison, FY2002 to FY2025

Median prison term in months, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced by offense, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Immigration	39%163	163
Drug Trafficking	20%82	82
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	11%44	44
Firearms	8%34	34
Child Pornography	6%27	27
Sex Abuse	4%17	17
Other	4%16	16
Money Launder	4%15	15
Administration of Justice	1%4	4
Individual Rights	1%4	4
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	1%3	3
Environmental	1%2	2
Stalking/Harassing	1%2	2
Tax	1%2	2
Assault	<1%1	1
National Defense	<1%1	1
Prison Offenses	<1%1	1
Robbery	<1%1	1

All 419 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline).

People sentenced in the Northern District of New York by offense, FY2018 to FY2025

Offense	FY2018	FY2019*	FY2020	FY2021	FY2022	FY2023	FY2024*	FY2025
Immigration	99	148	81	39	59	141	203	163
Drug Trafficking	120	101	96	60	138	133	102	82
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	31	24	32	28	36	41	46	44
Firearms	29	24	22	23	44	33	34	34
Child Pornography	21	23	21	11	31	29	27	27
Other	34	33	14	19	20	23	20	16
Sex Abuse	17	9	16	19	23	19	28	17
Money Launder	12	18	6	8	9	5	12	15
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	0	1	3	7	7	8	7	3
Administration of Justice	5	3	0	4	5	4	4	4
Stalking/Harassing	1	1	3	5	1	8	3	2
Tax	1	0	2	1	9	1	7	2
Robbery	0	1	1	2	3	3	9	1
Prison Offenses	3	0	2	3	4	2	1	1
Environmental	1	1	1	0	6	0	2	2
Assault	2	1	2	2	0	1	0	1
National Defense	1	1	2	1	0	1	0	1
Murder	0	1	1	1	1	2	0	0
Individual Rights	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	4
Bribery/Corruption	1	2	0	0	0	1	0	0
Drug Possession	1	0	0	0	1	2	0	0
Extortion/Racketeering	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
Food and Drug	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Arson	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burglary/Trespass	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
Kidnapping	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0
Commercialized Vice	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
All offenses	384	392	305	235	400	459	507	419

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Earlier years, under the Commission's older offense types, are in the tables at the foot of the page.

People sentenced by citizenship, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
U.S. citizen	63%263	263
Not a U.S. citizen	37%153	153
Citizenship not known	1%3	3

163 of the 419 were sentenced for an immigration offense.

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025
Hispanic, 10 placed by CrimeDB	38%158	158
White+MENA, 10 placed by CrimeDB	35%148	148
Black, 2 placed by CrimeDB	20%82	82
Asian+NHPI, 1 placed by CrimeDB	3%13	13
AIAN	2%10	10
Race unknown	2%8	8

Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer
Race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race

All 419 people sentenced. Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer. Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people. USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 23 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025
I	65%273	273
II	14%58	58
III	9%39	39
IV	4%18	18
V	3%13	13
VI	4%17	17
Category not known	<1%1	1

All 419 people sentenced. By the category the court found, I (least) to VI (most), from points for prior sentences under the guidelines.

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025
Within the range	59%246	246
Above the range	1%2	2
Below the range, government-sponsored	22%91	91
Below the range, not government-sponsored	19%79	79
Not known or not comparable	<1%1	1

All 419 people sentenced. In the Commission's four groups. Government-sponsored: the prosecutor moved for it, for substantial assistance, early disposition, or another reason.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention

Defendants whose pretrial services case opened in the fiscal year, and the percent detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints them. Table H-14 counts every case, H-14A leaves out immigration cases, and H-14B, from FY2022, leaves out the cases U.S. Courts classes as illegal alien cases.

Percent detained, all cases (H-14), FY2006 to FY2025

Pretrial release and detention, FY2025

Which cases	Table	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
All cases	H-14	449	314	135	69.9%	30.1%
Excluding immigration cases	H-14A	342	215	127	62.9%	37.1%
Excluding illegal alien cases	H-14B	326	201	125	61.7%	38.3%

Detained: detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints it.

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B.

Every figure as a table

People sentenced in the Northern District of New York, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	U.S. citizens	Noncitizens	Citizenship not known	Immigration offenses
FY2002	394	239	131	24	91
FY2003	396	275	87	34	65
FY2004	511	286	161	64	131
FY2005	495	313	147	35	115
FY2006	409	276	105	28	77
FY2007	450	325	98	27	74
FY2008	533	347	134	52	110
FY2009	547	294	196	57	156
FY2010	515	305	186	24	160
FY2011	583	401	163	19	130
FY2012	622	431	176	15	139
FY2013	519	392	105	22	94
FY2014	417	279	130	8	113
FY2015	344	242	99	3	77
FY2016	317	229	78	10	65
FY2017	345	236	103	6	98
FY2018	384	265	116	3	99
FY2019	392	235	152	5	148
FY2020	305	223	79	3	81
FY2021	235	187	38	10	39
FY2022	400	332	66	2	59
FY2023	459	307	139	13	141
FY2024	507	316	184	7	203
FY2025	419	263	153	3	163

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Immigration offenses are the Commission's offense type for the year (OFFTYPE2 to FY2009, OFFTYPSB to FY2017, OFFGUIDE from FY2018).

Sentence type in the Northern District of New York, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	Prison only	Prison and alternatives	Probation and alternatives	Probation only	Fine only	Type not known	Sentenced to prison	Life sentences
FY2002	394	290	11	28	57	5	3	77%	1
FY2003*	396	304	16	29	36	6	5	82%	0
FY2004	511	392	22	26	60	9	2	81%	4
FY2005*	495	381	24	19	57	14	0	82%	0
FY2006	409	324	13	27	35	10	0	82%	0
FY2007	450	352	21	14	45	17	1	83%	3
FY2008*	533	411	16	24	51	31	0	80%	2
FY2009	547	435	13	19	36	44	0	82%	2
FY2010*	515	416	12	20	51	16	0	83%	4
FY2011	583	487	36	13	37	10	0	90%	4
FY2012	622	517	31	23	39	12	0	88%	0
FY2013	519	414	32	19	35	19	0	86%	0
FY2014	417	362	15	11	16	13	0	90%	0
FY2015	344	296	11	5	26	6	0	89%	1
FY2016	317	254	9	6	45	3	0	83%	3
FY2017	345	281	18	6	35	5	0	87%	0
FY2018	384	330	19	4	24	7	0	91%	0
FY2019*	392	359	4	0	21	8	0	93%	0
FY2020	305	269	3	1	31	1	0	89%	0
FY2021	235	195	1	1	35	3	0	83%	0
FY2022	400	349	2	2	41	6	0	88%	1
FY2023	459	404	1	3	42	9	0	88%	0
FY2024*	507	450	2	6	48	1	0	89%	0
FY2025	419	380	3	4	32	0	0	91%	1

USSC's sentence types (SENTIMP). Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. Sentenced to prison: prison only, or prison and alternatives, of those whose type is known.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Sentence length in the Northern District of New York, by fiscal year (months)

Fiscal year	Sentence, mean	Sentence, median	People sentenced	Prison term, mean	Prison term, median	Sentenced to prison
FY2002	36	18	391	49	30	281
FY2003*	38	18	391	48	33	302
FY2004	34	12	508	44	24	391
FY2005*	36	14	495	45	24	390
FY2006	35	18	409	43	27	328
FY2007	50	24	449	61	33	363
FY2008*	44	18	533	57	37	411
FY2009	39	8	547	49	18	431
FY2010*	36	12	515	44	18	414
FY2011	43	16	583	51	24	492
FY2012	41	17	622	48	24	531
FY2013	41	21	519	49	30	430
FY2014	46	21	417	53	30	354
FY2015	55	23	344	65	33	289
FY2016	52	18	317	66	33	247
FY2017	41	12	345	53	33	262
FY2018	51	17	384	56	24	349
FY2019*	42	12	392	46	18	363
FY2020	50	21	305	56	30	272
FY2021	55	30	235	65	36	196
FY2022	54	35	400	62	41	351
FY2023	46	16	459	52	24	405
FY2024*	48	16	507	54	24	452
FY2025	47	15	419	52	18	383

Sentence: prison and alternative confinement, with probation and fines as zero (USSC's sentence length). Prison term: prison alone, for those sentenced to prison (USSC's length of imprisonment). Life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as USSC counts them.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced in the Northern District of New York by offense, FY2002 to FY2009

Offense	FY2002	FY2003*	FY2004	FY2005*	FY2006	FY2007	FY2008*	FY2009
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	133	154	147	135	151	160	172	139
Immigration	91	65	131	115	77	74	110	156
Fraud	47	50	84	62	50	49	42	49
Firearms	33	41	40	59	42	53	27	31
Pornography/Prostitution	13	9	20	9	13	28	38	40
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	8	7	21	14	20	9	34	44
Racketeering/Extortion	6	4	2	24	1	14	28	10
Larceny	11	15	17	13	7	10	6	6
Drugs - Simple Possession	2	7	4	3	6	1	25	18
Forgery/Counterfeiting	5	7	7	11	3	4	13	0
Money Laundering	9	2	4	5	8	8	2	9
Tax Offenses	7	1	3	11	7	8	5	5
Embezzlement	4	6	6	7	6	2	4	4
Administration of Justice	0	3	3	4	4	7	4	7
Assault	4	4	1	3	3	4	4	6
Prison Offenses	5	3	4	6	2	1	3	5
Sexual Abuse	0	3	2	5	0	4	4	10
Robbery	2	3	1	1	5	4	2	2
Bribery	6	2	4	2	1	0	0	0
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	0	0	2	1	2	4	3	2
Arson	1	4	2	1	0	2	3	0
Drugs - Communication Facilities	2	4	1	2	0	0	2	2
Murder	0	1	2	0	0	1	1	0
Food and Drug Offenses	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
National Defense Offenses	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Antitrust Violations	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Civil Rights Offenses	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambling/Lottery	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Offense type not known	3	1	3	0	0	0	0	0
All offenses	394	396	511	495	409	450	533	547

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPE2). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Northern District of New York by offense, FY2010 to FY2017

Offense	FY2010*	FY2011	FY2012	FY2013	FY2014	FY2015	FY2016	FY2017
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	132	212	255	215	150	129	109	96
Immigration	160	130	139	94	113	77	65	98
Fraud	48	39	53	72	37	41	31	29
Firearms	27	54	42	26	29	21	24	39
Child Pornography	37	51	33	23	18	30	23	29
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	22	13	13	14	11	9	16	11
Racketeering/Extortion	8	27	20	28	19	1	1	1
Administration of Justice	12	10	8	8	5	5	12	5
Prison Offenses	7	4	8	1	9	11	3	1
Tax Offenses	8	3	5	8	8	3	5	4
Larceny	5	9	5	6	3	3	8	4
Money Laundering	9	6	6	2	3	1	2	12
Assault	2	1	11	2	1	1	7	4
Sexual Abuse	7	0	3	3	5	3	3	3
Robbery	4	3	3	4	3	2	2	3
Forgery/Counterfeiting	3	4	6	4	3	2	0	0
Embezzlement	2	6	4	5	0	1	1	1
Drugs - Simple Possession	5	7	1	1	0	0	2	2
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	3	0	3	1	0	1	0	2
Food and Drug Offenses	8	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
Drugs - Communication Facilities	5	2	1	0	0	0	0	0
Bribery	1	2	0	0	0	0	1	0
Arson	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
Civil Rights Offenses	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
National Defense Offenses	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
Auto Theft	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Gambling/Lottery	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
All offenses	515	583	622	519	417	344	317	345

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPSB). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Northern District of New York by offense, FY2025

Offense	People sentenced	Share
Immigration	163	39%
Drug Trafficking	82	20%
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	44	11%
Firearms	34	8%
Child Pornography	27	6%
Sex Abuse	17	4%
Other	16	4%
Money Launder	15	4%
Administration of Justice	4	1%
Individual Rights	4	1%
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	3	1%
Environmental	2	1%
Stalking/Harassing	2	1%
Tax	2	1%
Assault	1	<1%
National Defense	1	<1%
Prison Offenses	1	<1%
Robbery	1	<1%

All 419 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

People sentenced in the Northern District of New York by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

Race and Hispanic origin	People sentenced	Of which placed by CrimeDB	Share
Hispanic	158	10	38%
White+MENA	148	10	35%
Black	82	2	20%
Asian+NHPI	13	1	3%
AIAN	10	0	2%
Race unknown	8	0	2%

All 419 people sentenced.

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 23 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Of which placed by CrimeDB: the part of each group CrimeDB placed (race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race); the rest of each group is as USSC recorded it.

People sentenced in the Northern District of New York by criminal history category, FY2025

Criminal history category	People sentenced	Share
I	273	65%
II	58	14%
III	39	9%
IV	18	4%
V	13	3%
VI	17	4%
Category not known	1	<1%

All 419 people sentenced.

The category the court found (XCRHISSR), I (least) to VI (most).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Sentences in the Northern District of New York against the guideline range, FY2025

Against the guideline range	People sentenced	Share
Within the range	246	59%
Above the range	2	1%
Below the range, government-sponsored	91	22%
Below the range, not government-sponsored	79	19%
Not known or not comparable	1	<1%

All 419 people sentenced.

The Commission's four groups (SENTRNGE collapsed as its Sourcebook does).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention in the Northern District of New York, all cases (Table H-14)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	448	233	215	52.0%	48.0%
FY2007	523	250	273	47.8%	52.2%
FY2008	456	252	204	55.3%	44.7%
FY2009	693	342	351	49.4%	50.6%
FY2010	664	347	317	52.3%	47.7%
FY2011	599	314	285	52.4%	47.6%
FY2012	540	278	262	51.5%	48.5%
FY2013	439	243	196	55.4%	44.6%
FY2014	290	183	107	63.1%	36.9%
FY2015	303	169	134	55.8%	44.2%
FY2016	337	187	150	55.5%	44.5%
FY2017	375	232	143	61.9%	38.1%
FY2018	371	234	137	63.1%	36.9%
FY2019	402	285	117	70.9%	29.1%
FY2020	310	195	115	62.9%	37.1%
FY2021	346	184	162	53.2%	46.8%
FY2022	354	219	135	61.9%	38.1%
FY2023	432	292	140	67.6%	32.4%
FY2024	371	247	124	66.6%	33.4%
FY2025	449	314	135	69.9%	30.1%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Northern District of New York, excluding immigration cases (Table H-14A)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	395	189	206	47.8%	52.2%
FY2007	464	205	259	44.2%	55.8%
FY2008	372	182	190	48.9%	51.1%
FY2009	579	233	346	40.2%	59.8%
FY2010	548	237	311	43.2%	56.8%
FY2011	492	217	275	44.1%	55.9%
FY2012	438	178	260	40.6%	59.4%
FY2013	366	173	193	47.3%	52.7%
FY2014	214	108	106	50.5%	49.5%
FY2015	251	119	132	47.4%	52.6%
FY2016	288	140	148	48.6%	51.4%
FY2017	314	172	142	54.8%	45.2%
FY2018	286	150	136	52.4%	47.6%
FY2019	320	203	117	63.4%	36.6%
FY2020	275	160	115	58.2%	41.8%
FY2021	336	174	162	51.8%	48.2%
FY2022	318	183	135	57.5%	42.5%
FY2023	377	241	136	63.9%	36.1%
FY2024	344	222	122	64.5%	35.5%
FY2025	342	215	127	62.9%	37.1%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Northern District of New York, excluding illegal alien cases (Table H-14B)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2022	305	174	131	57.0%	43.0%
FY2023	316	183	133	57.9%	42.1%
FY2024	293	172	121	58.7%	41.3%
FY2025	326	201	125	61.7%	38.3%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.