Western District of New York

A U.S. district court in the Second Circuit, in New York. Its figures are federal cases and are never added to New York's.

People sentenced, FY2025: 403
Noncitizens, FY2025: 17%
Pretrial cases, FY2025: 378
Detained, FY2025: 63.5%

Federal sentences

People sentenced in this court under the federal guidelines, by federal fiscal year (October to September), counted by CrimeDB from the Sentencing Commission's records. Dashed lines mark changes in federal sentencing law.

People sentenced, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2003: PROTECT Act, April 30, 2003: appeals courts review departures from the guidelines anew, and the Commission must cut downward departures.
FY2005: United States v. Booker, January 12, 2005: the guidelines become advisory, so FY2005 holds sentences from before and after.
FY2008: Gall and Kimbrough, December 10, 2007: judges may sentence outside the range with less reason given, including over the crack to powder ratio.
FY2010: Fair Sentencing Act, August 3, 2010: crack cocaine thresholds rise and the crack to powder ratio falls from 100 to 1 to about 18 to 1.
FY2019: First Step Act, December 21, 2018: a wider safety valve, no more stacked gun counts, and the crack changes made retroactive.
FY2024: Guideline amendments of November 1, 2023: fewer criminal history points for offenses committed under supervision, and a lower range for people with none.

Sentence type and length, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Prison only	91%367	367
Prison and alternatives	1%4	4
Probation and alternatives	2%9	9
Probation only	6%23	23

Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. The median prison term was 41 months (mean 59) for the 371 sentenced to prison, 1 of them to life; life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as the Commission counts them.

Percent sentenced to prison, FY2002 to FY2025

Median prison term in months, FY2002 to FY2025

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced by offense, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Drug Trafficking	39%156	156
Immigration	15%59	59
Firearms	12%49	49
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	11%43	43
Child Pornography	7%26	26
Sex Abuse	6%23	23
Administration of Justice	3%12	12
Robbery	2%9	9
Tax	1%5	5
Murder	1%4	4
Commercialized Vice	1%3	3
Other	1%3	3
Kidnapping	1%2	2
Money Launder	1%2	2
Stalking/Harassing	1%2	2
Arson	<1%1	1
Assault	<1%1	1
Drug Possession	<1%1	1
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	<1%1	1
Prison Offenses	<1%1	1

All 403 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline).

People sentenced in the Western District of New York by offense, FY2018 to FY2025

Offense	FY2018	FY2019*	FY2020	FY2021	FY2022	FY2023	FY2024*	FY2025
Drug Trafficking	183	233	132	125	177	175	155	156
Firearms	41	30	47	49	65	68	59	49
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	62	67	36	29	40	42	38	43
Immigration	86	55	39	38	15	17	15	59
Child Pornography	20	21	35	17	25	22	17	26
Sex Abuse	23	25	14	21	19	22	23	23
Robbery	17	15	10	6	7	23	17	9
Administration of Justice	8	10	5	10	9	11	11	12
Tax	10	13	3	3	6	5	10	5
Money Launder	16	12	5	4	10	3	0	2
Murder	8	12	4	4	3	2	1	4
Stalking/Harassing	3	2	4	3	6	6	5	2
Drug Possession	4	4	6	1	5	3	0	1
Other	2	2	2	1	3	0	2	3
Assault	0	2	3	3	1	0	4	1
Arson	0	0	0	3	3	4	2	1
Commercialized Vice	1	3	0	0	0	1	3	3
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses	2	2	1	0	4	2	0	0
Extortion/Racketeering	1	5	3	0	1	0	0	0
Environmental	4	0	0	1	3	1	0	0
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	3	2	1	0	0	0	2	1
Prison Offenses	1	1	0	0	2	1	1	1
Bribery/Corruption	4	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
Kidnapping	0	1	0	0	3	0	0	2
Individual Rights	1	1	0	1	0	2	0	0
Burglary/Trespass	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	0
Food and Drug	2	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
National Defense	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
All offenses	503	520	350	322	411	411	365	403

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Earlier years, under the Commission's older offense types, are in the tables at the foot of the page.

People sentenced by citizenship, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
U.S. citizen	83%333	333
Not a U.S. citizen	17%70	70
Citizenship not known	0%0	0

59 of the 403 were sentenced for an immigration offense.

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025
White+MENA, 1 placed by CrimeDB	37%150	150
Black	33%131	131
Hispanic	26%104	104
Asian+NHPI	4%15	15
AIAN	1%2	2
Race unknown	<1%1	1

Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer
Race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race

All 403 people sentenced. Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer. Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people. USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 1 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025
I	55%223	223
II	14%58	58
III	12%48	48
IV	7%27	27
V	6%22	22
VI	6%24	24
Category not known	<1%1	1

All 403 people sentenced. By the category the court found, I (least) to VI (most), from points for prior sentences under the guidelines.

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025
Within the range	42%171	171
Above the range	5%20	20
Below the range, government-sponsored	37%149	149
Below the range, not government-sponsored	16%63	63

All 403 people sentenced. In the Commission's four groups. Government-sponsored: the prosecutor moved for it, for substantial assistance, early disposition, or another reason.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention

Defendants whose pretrial services case opened in the fiscal year, and the percent detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints them. Table H-14 counts every case, H-14A leaves out immigration cases, and H-14B, from FY2022, leaves out the cases U.S. Courts classes as illegal alien cases.

Percent detained, all cases (H-14), FY2006 to FY2025

Pretrial release and detention, FY2025

Which cases	Table	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
All cases	H-14	378	240	138	63.5%	36.5%
Excluding immigration cases	H-14A	318	180	138	56.6%	43.4%
Excluding illegal alien cases	H-14B	298	161	137	54.0%	46.0%

Detained: detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints it.

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B.

Every figure as a table

People sentenced in the Western District of New York, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	U.S. citizens	Noncitizens	Citizenship not known	Immigration offenses
FY2002	451	374	70	7	41
FY2003	499	381	105	13	32
FY2004	568	447	94	27	39
FY2005	663	532	121	10	60
FY2006	596	480	98	18	56
FY2007	762	557	178	27	103
FY2008	657	474	159	24	123
FY2009	715	513	197	5	137
FY2010	667	455	206	6	140
FY2011	803	583	212	8	157
FY2012	665	463	200	2	130
FY2013	596	401	191	4	133
FY2014	554	415	139	0	102
FY2015	520	412	106	2	76
FY2016	465	393	70	2	33
FY2017	455	349	105	1	67
FY2018	503	392	110	1	86
FY2019	520	429	90	1	55
FY2020	350	306	44	0	39
FY2021	322	276	46	0	38
FY2022	411	377	34	0	15
FY2023	411	386	25	0	17
FY2024	365	331	33	1	15
FY2025	403	333	70	0	59

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Immigration offenses are the Commission's offense type for the year (OFFTYPE2 to FY2009, OFFTYPSB to FY2017, OFFGUIDE from FY2018).

Sentence type in the Western District of New York, by fiscal year

Fiscal year	People sentenced	Prison only	Prison and alternatives	Probation and alternatives	Probation only	Fine only	Type not known	Sentenced to prison	Life sentences
FY2002	451	316	10	47	75	2	1	72%	2
FY2003*	499	340	10	46	93	4	6	71%	2
FY2004	568	358	13	57	136	2	2	66%	0
FY2005*	663	473	16	55	116	3	0	74%	1
FY2006	596	422	19	44	102	6	3	74%	0
FY2007	762	519	14	55	164	9	1	70%	3
FY2008*	657	482	12	41	119	3	0	75%	1
FY2009	715	518	16	54	122	5	0	75%	0
FY2010*	667	508	21	23	108	7	0	79%	0
FY2011	803	586	22	45	144	6	0	76%	0
FY2012	665	514	20	26	97	8	0	80%	0
FY2013	596	478	8	21	84	5	0	82%	1
FY2014	554	440	22	26	59	7	0	83%	4
FY2015	520	433	15	15	56	1	0	86%	1
FY2016	465	367	13	20	64	1	0	82%	2
FY2017	455	386	18	10	40	1	0	89%	4
FY2018	503	437	13	15	38	0	0	89%	5
FY2019*	520	442	18	24	33	3	0	88%	3
FY2020	350	302	8	12	26	2	0	89%	1
FY2021	322	273	17	5	24	3	0	90%	0
FY2022	411	356	13	10	31	1	0	90%	4
FY2023	411	373	8	4	22	4	0	93%	2
FY2024*	365	319	8	13	24	1	0	90%	0
FY2025	403	367	4	9	23	0	0	92%	1

USSC's sentence types (SENTIMP). Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. Sentenced to prison: prison only, or prison and alternatives, of those whose type is known.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Sentence length in the Western District of New York, by fiscal year (months)

Fiscal year	Sentence, mean	Sentence, median	People sentenced	Prison term, mean	Prison term, median	Sentenced to prison
FY2002	43	27	450	60	45	322
FY2003*	39	24	494	55	37	347
FY2004	34	15	566	52	37	364
FY2005*	41	21	663	55	37	480
FY2006	41	18	593	56	39	422
FY2007	35	12	761	52	37	499
FY2008*	37	12	657	58	37	421
FY2009	35	10	715	53	30	461
FY2010*	33	10	667	48	27	447
FY2011	33	10	803	50	30	522
FY2012	38	12	665	52	30	481
FY2013	41	12	596	56	30	433
FY2014	44	14	554	56	30	422
FY2015	44	19	520	56	36	404
FY2016	56	24	465	73	46	354
FY2017	61	24	455	75	36	372
FY2018	56	27	503	62	36	450
FY2019*	62	36	520	70	46	460
FY2020	54	30	350	61	37	310
FY2021	60	36	322	67	41	290
FY2022	59	32	411	65	41	369
FY2023	63	41	411	68	46	381
FY2024*	66	48	365	73	57	327
FY2025	55	36	403	59	41	371

Sentence: prison and alternative confinement, with probation and fines as zero (USSC's sentence length). Prison term: prison alone, for those sentenced to prison (USSC's length of imprisonment). Life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as USSC counts them.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced in the Western District of New York by offense, FY2002 to FY2009

Offense	FY2002	FY2003*	FY2004	FY2005*	FY2006	FY2007	FY2008*	FY2009
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	192	204	192	248	202	254	201	216
Firearms	68	79	92	98	98	126	79	68
Immigration	41	32	39	60	56	103	123	137
Fraud	49	65	64	73	71	105	74	86
Pornography/Prostitution	7	14	12	26	21	25	32	51
Drugs - Simple Possession	12	16	26	20	27	39	25	17
Larceny	11	16	45	28	19	20	20	18
Drugs - Communication Facilities	15	10	13	20	17	17	17	39
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	4	6	16	19	12	14	18	24
Administration of Justice	9	8	7	7	17	12	20	13
Robbery	9	12	12	20	12	2	4	3
Tax Offenses	5	8	10	11	8	11	4	8
Money Laundering	7	6	11	9	11	3	9	6
Racketeering/Extortion	7	3	2	6	14	11	4	1
Forgery/Counterfeiting	8	1	10	4	3	9	5	7
Embezzlement	2	4	6	3	1	2	3	4
Sexual Abuse	0	0	1	0	1	3	7	7
Assault	1	2	2	1	1	1	4	3
Food and Drug Offenses	0	4	2	2	1	4	0	0
Prison Offenses	0	0	1	0	0	0	5	3
Civil Rights Offenses	1	0	1	4	0	0	0	1
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	0	0	0	2	1	1	2	1
Gambling/Lottery	2	4	0	1	0	0	0	0
Auto Theft	0	3	2	1	0	0	0	0
Arson	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	2
Bribery	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0
National Defense Offenses	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Murder	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Offense type not known	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
All offenses	451	499	568	663	596	762	657	715

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPE2). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Western District of New York by offense, FY2010 to FY2017

Offense	FY2010*	FY2011	FY2012	FY2013	FY2014	FY2015	FY2016	FY2017
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing	178	256	221	183	184	172	150	172
Immigration	140	157	130	133	102	76	33	67
Fraud	85	100	87	63	63	80	68	43
Firearms	67	78	68	37	53	51	44	56
Child Pornography	40	38	43	50	28	23	28	28
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses	23	20	16	23	26	16	10	6
Larceny	17	44	20	19	2	9	14	7
Administration of Justice	34	19	14	15	5	6	7	8
Racketeering/Extortion	6	7	5	6	9	20	33	14
Drugs - Communication Facilities	22	28	15	9	5	2	1	0
Money Laundering	8	11	5	6	8	10	15	4
Tax Offenses	5	10	7	7	19	9	4	6
Drugs - Simple Possession	22	13	9	6	7	2	4	3
Robbery	3	1	3	9	10	20	7	11
Forgery/Counterfeiting	2	7	3	9	8	7	10	1
Sexual Abuse	3	6	2	6	2	3	16	6
Assault	3	0	2	4	5	4	7	5
Embezzlement	2	1	4	2	5	3	3	6
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses	3	1	2	3	7	0	2	2
Prison Offenses	0	2	2	3	4	2	2	2
Arson	2	0	1	0	0	1	4	1
Bribery	1	1	4	0	0	0	0	2
Civil Rights Offenses	0	2	0	2	0	1	0	1
Food and Drug Offenses	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	1
Murder	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	1
Auto Theft	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2
Burglary/Breaking and Entering	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0
Gambling/Lottery	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
National Defense Offenses	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
All offenses	667	803	665	596	554	520	465	455

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPSB). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Western District of New York by offense, FY2025

Offense	People sentenced	Share
Drug Trafficking	156	39%
Immigration	59	15%
Firearms	49	12%
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement	43	11%
Child Pornography	26	7%
Sex Abuse	23	6%
Administration of Justice	12	3%
Robbery	9	2%
Tax	5	1%
Murder	4	1%
Commercialized Vice	3	1%
Other	3	1%
Kidnapping	2	1%
Money Launder	2	1%
Stalking/Harassing	2	1%
Arson	1	<1%
Assault	1	<1%
Drug Possession	1	<1%
Forgery/Counter/Copyright	1	<1%
Prison Offenses	1	<1%

All 403 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

People sentenced in the Western District of New York by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

Race and Hispanic origin	People sentenced	Of which placed by CrimeDB	Share
White+MENA	150	1	37%
Black	131	0	33%
Hispanic	104	0	26%
Asian+NHPI	15	0	4%
AIAN	2	0	1%
Race unknown	1	0	<1%

All 403 people sentenced.

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 1 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Of which placed by CrimeDB: the part of each group CrimeDB placed (race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race); the rest of each group is as USSC recorded it.

People sentenced in the Western District of New York by criminal history category, FY2025

Criminal history category	People sentenced	Share
I	223	55%
II	58	14%
III	48	12%
IV	27	7%
V	22	6%
VI	24	6%
Category not known	1	<1%

All 403 people sentenced.

The category the court found (XCRHISSR), I (least) to VI (most).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Sentences in the Western District of New York against the guideline range, FY2025

Against the guideline range	People sentenced	Share
Within the range	171	42%
Above the range	20	5%
Below the range, government-sponsored	149	37%
Below the range, not government-sponsored	63	16%

All 403 people sentenced.

The Commission's four groups (SENTRNGE collapsed as its Sourcebook does).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention in the Western District of New York, all cases (Table H-14)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	770	282	488	36.6%	63.4%
FY2007	730	270	460	37.0%	63.0%
FY2008	866	326	540	37.6%	62.4%
FY2009	874	353	521	40.4%	59.6%
FY2010	927	380	547	41.0%	59.0%
FY2011	759	333	426	43.9%	56.1%
FY2012	737	347	390	47.1%	52.9%
FY2013	522	274	248	52.5%	47.5%
FY2014	489	253	236	51.7%	48.3%
FY2015	506	228	278	45.1%	54.9%
FY2016	413	209	204	50.6%	49.4%
FY2017	463	241	222	52.1%	47.9%
FY2018	473	249	224	52.6%	47.4%
FY2019	483	219	264	45.3%	54.7%
FY2020	405	179	226	44.2%	55.8%
FY2021	367	157	210	42.8%	57.2%
FY2022	357	165	192	46.2%	53.8%
FY2023	330	157	173	47.6%	52.4%
FY2024	344	199	145	57.8%	42.2%
FY2025	378	240	138	63.5%	36.5%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Western District of New York, excluding immigration cases (Table H-14A)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2006	686	214	472	31.2%	68.8%
FY2007	650	207	443	31.8%	68.2%
FY2008	745	217	528	29.1%	70.9%
FY2009	762	241	521	31.6%	68.4%
FY2010	801	259	542	32.3%	67.7%
FY2011	623	205	418	32.9%	67.1%
FY2012	636	249	387	39.2%	60.8%
FY2013	409	162	247	39.6%	60.4%
FY2014	423	188	235	44.4%	55.6%
FY2015	460	187	273	40.7%	59.3%
FY2016	380	179	201	47.1%	52.9%
FY2017	402	185	217	46.0%	54.0%
FY2018	414	191	223	46.1%	53.9%
FY2019	438	176	262	40.2%	59.8%
FY2020	368	144	224	39.1%	60.9%
FY2021	356	146	210	41.0%	59.0%
FY2022	342	154	188	45.0%	55.0%
FY2023	317	145	172	45.7%	54.3%
FY2024	307	163	144	53.1%	46.9%
FY2025	318	180	138	56.6%	43.4%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Western District of New York, excluding illegal alien cases (Table H-14B)

Fiscal year	Cases opened	Detained	Released	Detained (%)	Released (%)
FY2022	337	152	185	45.1%	54.9%
FY2023	317	145	172	45.7%	54.3%
FY2024	297	154	143	51.9%	48.1%
FY2025	298	161	137	54.0%	46.0%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.