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Western District of Texas

A U.S. district court in the Fifth Circuit, in Texas. Its figures are federal cases and are never added to Texas's.

People sentenced, FY2025
10,416
Noncitizens, FY2025
82%
Pretrial cases, FY2025
10,126
Detained, FY2025
94.0%

Federal sentences

People sentenced in this court under the federal guidelines, by federal fiscal year (October to September), counted by CrimeDB from the Sentencing Commission's records. Dashed lines mark changes in federal sentencing law.

People sentenced, FY2002 to FY2025

people sentenced each year, from U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB
  • FY2003: PROTECT Act, April 30, 2003: appeals courts review departures from the guidelines anew, and the Commission must cut downward departures.
  • FY2005: United States v. Booker, January 12, 2005: the guidelines become advisory, so FY2005 holds sentences from before and after.
  • FY2008: Gall and Kimbrough, December 10, 2007: judges may sentence outside the range with less reason given, including over the crack to powder ratio.
  • FY2010: Fair Sentencing Act, August 3, 2010: crack cocaine thresholds rise and the crack to powder ratio falls from 100 to 1 to about 18 to 1.
  • FY2019: First Step Act, December 21, 2018: a wider safety valve, no more stacked gun counts, and the crack changes made retroactive.
  • FY2024: Guideline amendments of November 1, 2023: fewer criminal history points for offenses committed under supervision, and a lower range for people with none.

Sentence type and length, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Prison only92%9,549
Prison and alternatives2%190
Probation and alternatives<1%34
Probation only6%642
Fine only<1%1

Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. The median prison term was 8 months (mean 21) for the 9,738 sentenced to prison, 7 of them to life; life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as the Commission counts them.

Percent sentenced to prison, FY2002 to FY2025

percent sentenced to prison each year, from U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB

Median prison term in months, FY2002 to FY2025

months, median each year, from U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB
  • FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced by offense, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
Immigration76%7,909
Other9%907
Drug Trafficking7%738
National Defense2%252
Firearms2%239
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement1%82
Administration of Justice<1%46
Prison Offenses<1%42
Child Pornography<1%39
Sex Abuse<1%39
Money Launder<1%35
Robbery<1%18
Assault<1%17
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses<1%9
Murder<1%8
Bribery/Corruption<1%6
Drug Possession<1%6
Kidnapping<1%6
Stalking/Harassing<1%6
Tax<1%6
Environmental0%4
Individual Rights0%2

All 10,416 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline).

People sentenced in the Western District of Texas by offense, FY2018 to FY2025

OffenseFY2018FY2019*FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024*FY2025
Immigration5,8357,4856,6893,4544,1575,6406,5127,909
Drug Trafficking1,3851,2859291,026972948782738
Firearms288258261283329269256239
Other65162848810922775907
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement17119627517118413811682
National Defense5252930233528252
Administration of Justice5451453056383646
Money Launder4429312837473335
Child Pornography3638303228443539
Prison Offenses1628192424283242
Sex Abuse1831211735223039
Assault1249141123162117
Drug Possession4835171019566
Robbery2622111318151718
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses2220867779
Tax1874391876
Murder15124531168
Bribery/Corruption1011414486
Stalking/Harassing62438486
Forgery/Counter/Copyright516435320
Kidnapping1320410106
Environmental20330004
Commercialized Vice12103130
Arson00001530
Extortion/Racketeering11310110
Individual Rights00001212
Burglary/Trespass30000000
Food and Drug01000100
Manslaughter00010000
All offenses8,0879,7698,4925,2436,0597,5398,03510,416

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Earlier years, under the Commission's older offense types, are in the tables at the foot of the page.

People sentenced by citizenship, FY2025

Share of people sentenced
U.S. citizen18%1,873
Not a U.S. citizen82%8,513
Citizenship not known<1%30

7,909 of the 10,416 were sentenced for an immigration offense.

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

People sentenced by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025
Hispanic, 23 placed by CrimeDB87%9,010
White+MENAMiddle Eastern or North African, 1 placed by CrimeDB3%318
Black, 3 placed by CrimeDB3%310
Asian+NHPINative Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander<1%23
AIANAmerican Indian or Alaska Native<1%10
Race unknown7%745
  • Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer
  • Race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race

All 10,416 people sentenced. Race and Hispanic origin as each person told the probation officer. Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people. USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 27 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025

People sentenced by criminal history category, FY2025
I64%6,657
II17%1,757
III10%1,006
IV3%322
V2%209
VI2%173
Category not known3%292

All 10,416 people sentenced. By the category the court found, I (least) to VI (most), from points for prior sentences under the guidelines.

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025

Sentences against the guideline range, FY2025
Within the range74%7,749
Above the range14%1,461
Below the range, government-sponsored3%312
Below the range, not government-sponsored6%620
Not known or not comparable3%274

All 10,416 people sentenced. In the Commission's four groups. Government-sponsored: the prosecutor moved for it, for substantial assistance, early disposition, or another reason.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention

Defendants whose pretrial services case opened in the fiscal year, and the percent detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints them. Table H-14 counts every case, H-14A leaves out immigration cases, and H-14B, from FY2022, leaves out the cases U.S. Courts classes as illegal alien cases.

Percent detained, all cases (H-14), FY2006 to FY2025

percent detained each year, from U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B

Pretrial release and detention, FY2025

Which casesTableCases openedDetainedReleasedDetained (%)Released (%)
All casesH-1410,1269,51561194.0%6.0%
Excluding immigration casesH-14A3,6723,06460883.4%16.6%
Excluding illegal alien casesH-14B1,8601,25860267.6%32.4%

Detained: detained and never released before trial, as U.S. Courts prints it.

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B.

Every figure as a table

People sentenced in the Western District of Texas, by fiscal year

Fiscal yearPeople sentencedU.S. citizensNoncitizensCitizenship not knownImmigration offenses
FY20024,9932,2592,3533811,359
FY20035,0672,3932,4582161,631
FY20045,2362,2522,3696151,734
FY20055,8402,0902,8509002,519
FY20065,9812,2013,3454352,699
FY20075,7792,2113,3012672,287
FY20087,2342,4324,4613413,403
FY20098,5052,4465,8721874,699
FY20108,8332,1616,4761965,314
FY20118,5262,2916,0401954,958
FY20129,3292,4346,5773185,627
FY20137,7922,0545,5771614,774
FY20146,7481,9684,748324,119
FY20156,4792,0204,424353,815
FY20166,2281,9094,309103,589
FY20176,6122,1114,460413,965
FY20188,0871,8716,184325,835
FY20199,7691,9337,808287,485
FY20208,4921,6586,822126,689
FY20215,2432,0013,229133,454
FY20226,0592,1763,870134,157
FY20237,5392,3175,21755,640
FY20248,0352,1565,87276,512
FY202510,4161,8738,513307,909

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Immigration offenses are the Commission's offense type for the year (OFFTYPE2 to FY2009, OFFTYPSB to FY2017, OFFGUIDE from FY2018).

Sentence type in the Western District of Texas, by fiscal year

Fiscal yearPeople sentencedPrison onlyPrison and alternativesProbation and alternativesProbation onlyFine onlyType not knownSentenced to prisonLife sentences
FY20024,9934,4611146831093192%7
FY2003*5,0674,5189277342201891%9
FY20045,2364,8077959234114694%6
FY2005*5,8405,364104692924794%8
FY20065,9815,4199310234771392%6
FY20075,7795,14713610038241092%5
FY2008*7,2346,50514212744541192%3
FY20098,5057,529127907544190%12
FY2010*8,8337,886931007531090%9
FY20118,5267,553101997693190%7
FY20129,3298,199971029247089%16
FY20137,7926,6411098194116487%2
FY20146,7485,773103927719087%5
FY20156,4795,698747062512089%10
FY20166,2285,4811017555812190%6
FY20176,6125,780127926103089%8
FY20188,0876,947148859052088%5
FY2019*9,7698,613150929086090%5
FY20208,4927,562147846936091%2
FY20215,2434,723145832875093%1
FY20226,0595,498177783051094%8
FY20237,5396,989192333241095%6
FY2024*8,0357,121155447150091%2
FY202510,4169,549190346421094%7

USSC's sentence types (SENTIMP). Alternatives are home detention, community confinement, or intermittent confinement. Sentenced to prison: prison only, or prison and alternatives, of those whose type is known.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

Sentence length in the Western District of Texas, by fiscal year (months)

Fiscal yearSentence, meanSentence, medianPeople sentencedPrison term, meanPrison term, medianSentenced to prison
FY200234214,95837244,544
FY2003*36245,04439274,580
FY200439245,18141264,814
FY2005*35215,82438245,320
FY200634215,96837245,425
FY200734185,76938245,192
FY2008*28127,22431186,391
FY200925108,50331156,939
FY2010*23108,82629137,084
FY201125108,52532156,646
FY201226109,32934187,214
FY201325107,79233155,860
FY201427106,74834155,288
FY201525106,47932155,170
FY201627126,22832155,225
FY201726106,61229125,697
FY20181968,0872287,095
FY2019*1969,7692168,763
FY20201758,4921867,709
FY202131155,24333184,868
FY202229126,05931145,674
FY202326127,53828147,180
FY2024*24108,03526127,276
FY202520710,4162189,738

Sentence: prison and alternative confinement, with probation and fines as zero (USSC's sentence length). Prison term: prison alone, for those sentenced to prison (USSC's length of imprisonment). Life and anything over 470 months count as 470, as USSC counts them.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

FY2018: From FY2018 the Commission counts a sentence of time served with no amount given as one day of prison; before, it left those out of the prison term. Counted that way, FY2017's national median prison term would be 24 months, not 27.

People sentenced in the Western District of Texas by offense, FY2002 to FY2009

OffenseFY2002FY2003*FY2004FY2005*FY2006FY2007FY2008*FY2009
Immigration1,3591,6311,7342,5192,6992,2873,4034,699
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing2,8292,6532,5962,4122,2652,4112,7242,333
Fraud132142143215270235361557
Firearms131133212204214286257309
Administration of Justice172127103109948395106
Larceny48467657103965564
Drugs - Simple Possession49861077447595734
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses3749453962637089
Forgery/Counterfeiting1931424859592460
Money Laundering4320252829393152
Assault1813282838393022
Pornography/Prostitution1817173332303432
Robbery3720241723201711
Prison Offenses2115141478923
Embezzlement141788811108
Racketeering/Extortion121020213224
Bribery7712475814
Tax Offenses1159585714
Sexual Abuse4627171220
Auto Theft423315116
Drugs - Communication Facilities57234137
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking10111644
Murder42132024
National Defense Offenses00114423
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses03110531
Civil Rights Offenses22121302
Arson03121002
Gambling/Lottery00000710
Burglary/Breaking and Entering20100002
Food and Drug Offenses02000111
Antitrust Violations00000002
Offense type not known1418710110
All offenses4,9935,0675,2365,8405,9815,7797,2348,505

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPE2). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Western District of Texas by offense, FY2010 to FY2017

OffenseFY2010*FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014FY2015FY2016FY2017
Immigration5,3144,9585,6274,7744,1193,8153,5893,965
Drugs - Trafficking, Manufacturing, and Importing2,1722,1702,2161,5861,4511,4011,6421,626
Fraud544554518454304343241184
Firearms254236290287273254206313
Administration of Justice9810510711287987093
Drugs - Simple Possession31100122121861328672
Traffic Violations and Other Offenses627796105801246376
Child Pornography5559615574676662
Larceny6439606451444419
Money Laundering4332354643323742
Forgery/Counterfeiting4438513534232212
Assault2219182224193922
Racketeering/Extortion281938211053717
Prison Offenses3627141517241722
Robbery172117818121323
Sexual Abuse793720191517
National Defense Offenses8913241011114
Tax Offenses71116101415107
Bribery915314122184
Embezzlement785692415
Auto Theft47769213
Drugs - Communication Facilities143140224
Kidnapping/Hostage Taking43020134
Environmental, Game, Fish, and Wildlife Offenses00310512
Food and Drug Offenses00120600
Murder22210001
Civil Rights Offenses02201101
Arson00101101
Burglary/Breaking and Entering01001000
Antitrust Violations00000010
Gambling/Lottery00000001
Manslaughter01000000
All offenses8,8338,5269,3297,7926,7486,4796,2286,612

By the Commission's offense type for these years (OFFTYPSB). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

* A change in federal sentencing law took effect in this fiscal year (listed under the timeline).

People sentenced in the Western District of Texas by offense, FY2025

OffensePeople sentencedShare
Immigration7,90976%
Other9079%
Drug Trafficking7387%
National Defense2522%
Firearms2392%
Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement821%
Administration of Justice46<1%
Prison Offenses42<1%
Child Pornography39<1%
Sex Abuse39<1%
Money Launder35<1%
Robbery18<1%
Assault17<1%
Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses9<1%
Murder8<1%
Bribery/Corruption6<1%
Drug Possession6<1%
Kidnapping6<1%
Stalking/Harassing6<1%
Tax6<1%
Environmental40%
Individual Rights20%

All 10,416 people sentenced, by the Commission's offense type (OFFGUIDE, by the primary guideline). Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

People sentenced in the Western District of Texas by race and Hispanic origin, FY2025

Race and Hispanic originPeople sentencedOf which placed by CrimeDBShare
Hispanic9,0102387%
White+MENA31813%
Black31033%
Asian+NHPI230<1%
AIAN100<1%
Race unknown74507%

All 10,416 people sentenced.

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

USSC recorded a race and no Hispanic origin for 27 people in FY2025: each keeps that race, and CrimeDB placed only their Hispanic origin, the lighter part.

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Of which placed by CrimeDB: the part of each group CrimeDB placed (race recorded without ethnicity: split by the source's own recorded Hispanic share of each race); the rest of each group is as USSC recorded it.

People sentenced in the Western District of Texas by criminal history category, FY2025

Criminal history categoryPeople sentencedShare
I6,65764%
II1,75717%
III1,00610%
IV3223%
V2092%
VI1732%
Category not known2923%

All 10,416 people sentenced.

The category the court found (XCRHISSR), I (least) to VI (most).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Sentences in the Western District of Texas against the guideline range, FY2025

Against the guideline rangePeople sentencedShare
Within the range7,74974%
Above the range1,46114%
Below the range, government-sponsored3123%
Below the range, not government-sponsored6206%
Not known or not comparable2743%

All 10,416 people sentenced.

The Commission's four groups (SENTRNGE collapsed as its Sourcebook does).

Source: U.S. Sentencing Commission, individual offender datafiles, counted by CrimeDB.

Pretrial release and detention in the Western District of Texas, all cases (Table H-14)

Fiscal yearCases openedDetainedReleasedDetained (%)Released (%)
FY20066,9204,7932,12769.3%30.7%
FY20077,4155,1972,21870.1%29.9%
FY20088,7175,9802,73768.6%31.4%
FY20099,9097,5992,31076.7%23.3%
FY201011,0138,4242,58976.5%23.5%
FY201110,4188,0732,34577.5%22.5%
FY20128,8307,4641,36684.5%15.5%
FY20137,8416,4341,40782.1%17.9%
FY20147,5226,2831,23983.5%16.5%
FY20157,0745,8951,17983.3%16.7%
FY20167,3716,2271,14484.5%15.5%
FY20177,2536,0231,23083.0%17.0%
FY201810,2268,9341,29287.4%12.6%
FY201911,34810,0531,29588.6%11.4%
FY20208,1407,15798387.9%12.1%
FY20217,0525,6041,44879.5%20.5%
FY20227,4596,3891,07085.7%14.3%
FY20237,6466,69595187.6%12.4%
FY20248,1927,42077290.6%9.4%
FY202510,1269,51561194.0%6.0%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Western District of Texas, excluding immigration cases (Table H-14A)

Fiscal yearCases openedDetainedReleasedDetained (%)Released (%)
FY20064,4212,8171,60463.7%36.3%
FY20075,3493,2892,06061.5%38.5%
FY20085,3983,2132,18559.5%40.5%
FY20095,7693,5322,23761.2%38.8%
FY20106,7764,2152,56162.2%37.8%
FY20116,1593,8372,32262.3%37.7%
FY20124,4533,0981,35569.6%30.4%
FY20134,0772,6791,39865.7%34.3%
FY20143,7872,5591,22867.6%32.4%
FY20153,8682,6951,17369.7%30.3%
FY20164,1102,9671,14372.2%27.8%
FY20173,8342,6071,22768.0%32.0%
FY20184,2022,9141,28869.3%30.7%
FY20194,5713,2861,28571.9%28.1%
FY20203,8242,84697874.4%25.6%
FY20214,5543,1081,44668.2%31.8%
FY20223,8932,8261,06772.6%27.4%
FY20233,3222,37494871.5%28.5%
FY20242,8542,08477073.0%27.0%
FY20253,6723,06460883.4%16.6%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.

Pretrial release and detention in the Western District of Texas, excluding illegal alien cases (Table H-14B)

Fiscal yearCases openedDetainedReleasedDetained (%)Released (%)
FY20222,6631,6101,05360.5%39.5%
FY20232,3091,36994059.3%40.7%
FY20242,0781,30976963.0%37.0%
FY20251,8601,25860267.6%32.4%

Source: U.S. Courts, Judicial Business Tables H-14, H-14A, and H-14B, as printed.