Executions in the United States

America's crime record

people executed, 2023 · Up 33% from 2022

Timeline

People executed under civil authority in the states and by the federal government.

Source and method

Military executions are left out.

No rate. Only someone under sentence of death can be executed, and only where the law allows it, so a rate over every U.S. resident would mislead.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables · Calendar year · 1930 to 2023

1968No one was executed from 1968 to 1976. Executions resumed in 1977, after the Supreme Court upheld revised state laws in 1976 (Gregg v. Georgia).

Breakdown

People executed by race and Hispanic origin, 2023

People executed by race and Hispanic origin, 2023
White+MENA	63%15	15
Black	25%6	6
Hispanic	13%3	3

Every year, 1930 to 2023

White+MENA
Black
Hispanic
AIAN
Asian+NHPI
White+MENA, Hispanic
Asian, NHPI, AIAN, or race unknown

1930 to 1967: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it.

All 24 people executed in 2023. Each race leaves out Hispanic people. Where BJS prints only White, Black, and Hispanic, Asian, NHPI, or AIAN is the total less those three, CrimeDB's difference. Prisons report the people they hold from their own records.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables

Every figure as a table

Executions, people executed, by year

Year	Count	Note
2023	24
2022	18
2021	11
2020	17
2019	22
2018	25
2017	23
2016	20
2015	28
2014	35
2013	39
2012	43
2011	43
2010	46
2009	52
2008	37
2007	42
2006	53
2005	60
2004	59
2003	65
2002	71
2001	66
2000	85
1999	98
1998	68
1997	74
1996	45
1995	56
1994	31
1993	38
1992	31
1991	14
1990	23
1989	16
1988	11
1987	25
1986	18
1985	18
1984	21
1983	5
1982	2
1981	1
1980	0
1979	2
1978	0
1977	1
1976	0
1975	0
1974	0
1973	0
1972	0
1971	0
1970	0
1969	0
1968	0
1967	2
1966	1
1965	7
1964	15
1963	21
1962	47
1961	42
1960	56
1959	49
1958	49
1957	65
1956	65
1955	76
1954	81
1953	62
1952	83
1951	105
1950	82
1949	119
1948	119
1947	153
1946	131
1945	117
1944	120
1943	131
1942	147
1941	123
1940	124
1939	160
1938	190
1937	147
1936	195
1935	199
1934	168
1933	160
1932	140
1931	153
1930	155

No rate. Only someone under sentence of death can be executed, and only where the law allows it, so a rate over every U.S. resident would mislead.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables · Calendar year

People executed by race and Hispanic origin, 2023

Race and Hispanic origin	Count	Share
White+MENA	15	63%
Black	6	25%
Hispanic	3	13%

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables

People executed by method, 2023

Method	Count	Share
Lethal injection	24	100%

All 24 people executed in 2023. From 1977 to 2023, BJS counts 1,402 by lethal injection, 163 by electrocution, 11 by lethal gas, 3 by hanging, and 3 by firing squad.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables

People executed by jurisdiction, 2023

Jurisdiction	Count	Share
Texas	8	33%
Florida	6	25%
Missouri	4	17%
Oklahoma	4	17%
Alabama	2	8%

All 24 people executed in 2023.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables

Executed by race and method, 1977 to 2009

Race and Hispanic origin	Lethal injection	Electrocution	Lethal gas	Hanging	Firing squad	All
White+MENA	576	83	8	3	2	672
Black	338	70	3	0	0	411
Hispanic	89	2	0	0	0	91
AIAN	7	1	0	0	0	8
Asian+NHPI	6	0	0	0	0	6
All	1,016	156	11	3	2	1,188

BJS printed race crossed with method only for the nation, as totals since 1977, in its 1991 to 2009 editions; never by state or for one year.

BJS Capital Punishment, 2009 edition, executions by race, Hispanic origin, and method, 1977 to 2009

Executed by race and method, each year 1992 to 2009

Year	Race and Hispanic origin	Lethal injection	Electrocution	Lethal gas	Hanging	Firing squad	All
2009	White+MENA	23	1	0	0	0	24
2009	Black	21	0	0	0	0	21
2009	Hispanic	7	0	0	0	0	7
2009	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
2009	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2009	All	51	1	0	0	0	52
2008	White+MENA	17	0	0	0	0	17
2008	Black	16	1	0	0	0	17
2008	Hispanic	3	0	0	0	0	3
2008	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
2008	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2008	All	36	1	0	0	0	37
2007	White+MENA	21	1	0	0	0	22
2007	Black	14	0	0	0	0	14
2007	Hispanic	6	0	0	0	0	6
2007	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
2007	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2007	All	41	1	0	0	0	42
2006	White+MENA	24	1	0	0	0	25
2006	Black	20	0	0	0	0	20
2006	Hispanic	8	0	0	0	0	8
2006	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
2006	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2006	All	52	1	0	0	0	53
2005	White+MENA	38	0	0	0	0	38
2005	Black	19	0	0	0	0	19
2005	Hispanic	3	0	0	0	0	3
2005	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
2005	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2005	All	60	0	0	0	0	60
2004	White+MENA	35	1	0	0	0	36
2004	Black	19	0	0	0	0	19
2004	Hispanic	3	0	0	0	0	3
2004	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
2004	Asian+NHPI	1	0	0	0	0	1
2004	All	58	1	0	0	0	59
2003	White+MENA	40	1	0	0	0	41
2003	Black	20	0	0	0	0	20
2003	Hispanic	3	0	0	0	0	3
2003	AIAN	1	0	0	0	0	1
2003	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2003	All	64	1	0	0	0	65
2002	White+MENA	46	1	0	0	0	47
2002	Black	18	0	0	0	0	18
2002	Hispanic	6	0	0	0	0	6
2002	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
2002	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2002	All	70	1	0	0	0	71
2001	White+MENA	45	0	0	0	0	45
2001	Black	17	0	0	0	0	17
2001	Hispanic	3	0	0	0	0	3
2001	AIAN	1	0	0	0	0	1
2001	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2001	All	66	0	0	0	0	66
2000	White+MENA	41	2	0	0	0	43
2000	Black	32	3	0	0	0	35
2000	Hispanic	6	0	0	0	0	6
2000	AIAN	1	0	0	0	0	1
2000	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
2000	All	80	5	0	0	0	85
1999	White+MENA	51	1	1	0	0	53
1999	Black	31	2	0	0	0	33
1999	Hispanic	9	0	0	0	0	9
1999	AIAN	1	0	0	0	0	1
1999	Asian+NHPI	2	0	0	0	0	2
1999	All	94	3	1	0	0	98
1998	White+MENA	34	5	1	0	0	40
1998	Black	17	1	0	0	0	18
1998	Hispanic	8	0	0	0	0	8
1998	AIAN	0	1	0	0	0	1
1998	Asian+NHPI	1	0	0	0	0	1
1998	All	60	7	1	0	0	68
1997	White+MENA	38	3	0	0	0	41
1997	Black	24	2	0	0	0	26
1997	Hispanic	4	1	0	0	0	5
1997	AIAN	1	0	0	0	0	1
1997	Asian+NHPI	1	0	0	0	0	1
1997	All	68	6	0	0	0	74
1996	White+MENA	23	4	0	1	1	29
1996	Black	11	3	0	0	0	14
1996	Hispanic	2	0	0	0	0	2
1996	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
1996	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
1996	All	36	7	0	1	1	45
1995	White+MENA	27	4	0	0	0	31
1995	Black	19	3	0	0	0	22
1995	Hispanic	2	0	0	0	0	2
1995	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
1995	Asian+NHPI	1	0	0	0	0	1
1995	All	49	7	0	0	0	56
1994	White+MENA	16	1	1	1	0	19
1994	Black	6	5	0	0	0	11
1994	Hispanic	1	0	0	0	0	1
1994	AIAN	0	0	0	0	0	0
1994	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
1994	All	23	6	1	1	0	31
1993	White+MENA	10	7	1	1	0	19
1993	Black	11	3	0	0	0	14
1993	Hispanic	4	0	0	0	0	4
1993	AIAN	1	0	0	0	0	1
1993	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
1993	All	26	10	1	1	0	38
1992	White+MENA	10	5	2	0	0	17
1992	Black	8	3	0	0	0	11
1992	Hispanic	2	0	0	0	0	2
1992	AIAN	1	0	0	0	0	1
1992	Asian+NHPI	0	0	0	0	0	0
1992	All	21	8	2	0	0	31

Each year is one edition's totals since 1977 less the edition before's, CrimeDB's difference; every year's cells add to its printed executions by race and by method.

BJS Capital Punishment, 2009 edition, executions by race, Hispanic origin, and method, 1977 to 2009

People executed by race and Hispanic origin, every year

Year	All people executed	White+MENA	Black	Hispanic	AIAN	Asian+NHPI	White+MENA, Hispanic	Asian, NHPI, AIAN, or race unknown
2023	24	15	6	3	0	0	–	–
2022	18	10	5	1	1	1	–	–
2021	11	5	6	0	0	0	–	–
2020	17	10	5	1	1	0	–	–
2019	22	14	7	1	0	0	–	–
2018	25	14	6	5	0	0	–	–
2017	23	13	8	2	0	0	–	–
2016	20	16	2	2	0	0	–	–
2015	28	11	10	7	0	0	–	–
2014	35	12	18	5	0	0	–	–
2013	39	23	13	3	0	0	–	–
2012	43	25	11	7	0	0	–	–
2011	43	22	16	5	0	0	–	–
2010	46	28	13	5	0	0	–	–
2009	52	24	21	7	0	0	–	–
2008	37	17	17	3	0	0	–	–
2007	42	22	14	6	0	0	–	–
2006	53	25	20	8	0	0	–	–
2005	60	38	19	3	0	0	–	–
2004	59	36	19	3	0	1	–	–
2003	65	41	20	3	1	0	–	–
2002	71	47	18	6	0	0	–	–
2001	66	45	17	3	1	0	–	–
2000	85	43	35	6	1	0	–	–
1999	98	53	33	9	1	2	–	–
1998	68	40	18	8	1	1	–	–
1997	74	41	26	5	1	1	–	–
1996	45	29	14	2	0	0	–	–
1995	56	31	22	2	0	1	–	–
1994	31	19	11	1	0	0	–	–
1993	38	19	14	4	1	0	–	–
1992	31	17	11	2	1	0	–	–
1991	14	6	7	1	0	0	–	–
1990	23	16	7	0	0	0	–	–
1989	16	6	8	2	0	0	–	–
1988	11	6	5	0	0	0	–	–
1987	25	11	11	3	0	0	–	–
1986	18	9	7	2	0	0	–	–
1985	18	9	7	2	0	0	–	–
1984	21	13	8	0	0	0	–	–
1983	5	4	1	0	0	0	–	–
1982	2	1	1	0	0	0	–	–
1981	1	1	0	0	0	0	–	–
1979	2	2	0	0	0	0	–	–
1977	1	1	0	0	0	0	–	–
1967	2	–	1	–	–	–	1	0
1966	1	–	0	–	–	–	1	0
1965	7	–	1	–	–	–	6	0
1964	15	–	7	–	–	–	8	0
1963	21	–	8	–	–	–	13	0
1962	47	–	19	–	–	–	28	0
1961	42	–	22	–	–	–	20	0
1960	56	–	35	–	–	–	21	0
1959	49	–	33	–	–	–	16	0
1958	49	–	28	–	–	–	20	1
1957	65	–	31	–	–	–	34	0
1956	65	–	43	–	–	–	21	1
1955	76	–	32	–	–	–	44	0
1954	81	–	42	–	–	–	38	1
1953	62	–	31	–	–	–	30	1
1952	83	–	47	–	–	–	36	0
1951	105	–	47	–	–	–	57	1
1950	82	–	42	–	–	–	40	0
1949	119	–	67	–	–	–	50	2
1948	119	–	82	–	–	–	35	2
1947	153	–	111	–	–	–	42	0
1946	131	–	84	–	–	–	46	1
1945	117	–	75	–	–	–	41	1
1944	120	–	70	–	–	–	47	3
1943	131	–	74	–	–	–	54	3
1942	147	–	80	–	–	–	67	0
1941	123	–	63	–	–	–	59	1
1940	124	–	75	–	–	–	49	0
1939	160	–	77	–	–	–	80	3
1938	190	–	92	–	–	–	96	2
1937	147	–	74	–	–	–	69	4
1936	195	–	101	–	–	–	92	2
1935	199	–	77	–	–	–	119	3
1934	168	–	102	–	–	–	65	1
1933	160	–	81	–	–	–	77	2
1932	140	–	75	–	–	–	62	3
1931	153	–	72	–	–	–	77	4
1930	155	–	65	–	–	–	90	0

Every year, 1930 to 2023. – means the source's codes that year hold no such group.

1930 to 1967: Executions only. Each race holds its Hispanic people: the bulletins print White, Black, and All other races, with no count of Hispanic people. All other races holds American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian people, and anyone else not counted White or Black. States reported each execution to the federal prison statistics program; BJS's National Prisoner Statistics bulletins 1979 to 1984 print the count by race, read here from their page scans and checked against each year's total.

1977 on: Each race leaves out Hispanic people. Where BJS prints only White, Black, and Hispanic, Asian, NHPI, or AIAN is the total less those three, CrimeDB's difference. Prisons report the people they hold from their own records.

1930 to 1967: each race holds its Hispanic people, as BJS printed it.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables

People executed by method, every year

Year	All people executed	Lethal injection	Electrocution	Lethal gas	Hanging	Firing squad
2023	24	24	0	0	0	0
2022	18	18	0	0	0	0
2021	11	11	0	0	0	0
2020	17	16	1	0	0	0
2019	22	20	2	0	0	0
2013	39	38	1	0	0	0
2012	43	43	0	0	0	0
2011	43	43	0	0	0	0
2010	46	44	1	0	0	1
2009	52	51	1	0	0	0
2008	37	36	1	0	0	0
2007	42	41	1	0	0	0
2006	53	52	1	0	0	0
2005	60	60	0	0	0	0
2004	59	58	1	0	0	0
2003	65	64	1	0	0	0
2002	71	70	1	0	0	0
2001	66	66	0	0	0	0
2000	85	80	5	0	0	0
1999	98	94	3	1	0	0
1998	68	60	7	1	0	0
1997	74	68	6	0	0	0
1996	45	36	7	0	1	1
1995	56	49	7	0	0	0
1994	31	23	6	1	1	0
1993	38	26	10	1	1	0
1992	31	21	8	2	0	0

Every year, 1992 to 2023. – means the source's codes that year hold no such group.

BJS prints methods only as totals since 1977, so a year's methods are one edition's totals less the edition before's, CrimeDB's difference; a year with no edition before it has none.

BJS Capital Punishment statistical tables

How we count

Age: Age at the offense, in the same bands on every page.
Sex: Biological sex: female or male.
Race and ethnicity: Six groups, the same on every page. Hispanic is of any race; the other five are not Hispanic, so no one is in two.
Relationship: The victim's relationship to the offender, as police recorded it.
Counting once: Each person counts once in each row they fit, so rows can add up to more than the total.
Unknowns: Unknown is always its own row, and every share reads against everyone.
Small counts: Every count is shown, however small.
Marks on figures: When a figure is missing, the page says why.
Rates: Pages call it the rate: how many for every 100,000 people, or every million for rare events. It always sits beside its count, never in place of it.
Who reports: Police figures count only the agencies that sent records to the FBI.

Every rule in full