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America's crime record

Violence

Mass killings, 3+ killed

131

incidents, 2025 · Down 25% from 2024

incidents each year, from FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB

Incidents with three or more people murdered, with any weapon, in any circumstance: the federal definition of a mass killing (28 U.S.C. 530C(b)(1)(M)(i), from 2013), and the people murdered in them.

Source and method

CrimeDB's count from the murder records police agencies send the FBI, the homicide reports (SHR) and NIBRS together: where both describe one incident it counts once, with NIBRS's fuller details, and records an agency entered twice count once. The offender is not counted. Agencies that sent nothing are not in the count, nor is Florida for most years from 1988 to 2016. Never added to the 4+ or active shooter counts.

No rate. An incident is not something that happens to a person, so incidents take no rate per resident; the people killed have one, per 1 million residents.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB · Calendar year · 1976 to 2025

  • Every yearThe Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) master file and the NIBRS national master file are joined into one record. Mass killings, three or more killed: SHR records and NIBRS incidents that describe the same killing are linked into one incident, so none is counted twice.
  • 1976Before NIBRS: every incident is an SHR record.
  • 1976–1984These years come from the Murder Accountability Project copy of SHR, filling a gap in the Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) master file. CDE serves homicide reports from 1985 only. MAP's copy matches the FBI's files byte for byte for 1985 to 2016, so it stands in for the years before; the change of copy is a break.
  • 1988The SHR holds no Florida murder records for 1988 to 1991 and 1997 to 2016, and Florida did not report to NIBRS then; counts there are floors.
  • 1991NIBRS covers the agencies reporting to it, a minority before 2021: their incidents take NIBRS's richer fields (the day, location, each victim's relationship and circumstance); the rest stay SHR records.
  • 2021The FBI builds the SHR from NIBRS from 2021, so nearly every incident is a linked pair; SHR gang circumstance codes break.
  • 2022–2025The NIBRS state incident files and the NIBRS national master file hold the same records side by side. CrimeDB uses the NIBRS national master file; the other is kept as a check. The zips are the frozen snapshot the FBI's NIBRS tables were built from, 1% to 5% fewer incidents than the rebuilt master file (2025 equal). They check those tables.
  • 2023Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Wyoming come from the NIBRS state incident files, filling a gap in the NIBRS national master file. The 2023 master file stops partway through Wisconsin and has no West Virginia or Wyoming rows, and the FBI has not reissued it (checked 2026-10-08). The normalized NIBRS records take those states' incidents from the zips.
  • 2026Left out: the 2026 files are partial: built by the FBI on 2026-09-15, before the year ended.

Breakdown

People killed by age, 1976 to 2025

People killed by age, 1976 to 2025
Under 1218%3,714
12 to 179%1,829
18 to 2418%3,723
25 to 3420%4,193
35 to 4918%3,663
50 to 6410%2,053
65 and older5%1,103
Age unknown2%380

All 20,658 people killed, 1976 to 2025, every year added.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

Every figure as a table

Mass killings, 3+ killed, incidents, by year

YearCountNote
2025131
2024175
2023189
2022211
2021198
2020155
2019128
2018116
2017133
2016130
2015125
201489
2013105
2012118
2011113
201094
2009100
2008105
200798
2006113
2005112
200492
2003120
2002114
200190
200084
199992
199888
1997109
199693
1995127
1994110
1993139
1992129
1991100
1990102
1989110
198890
1987100
198685
1985112
198477
198389
1982119
198194
1980108
1979126
1978117
1977111
197694

No rate. An incident is not something that happens to a person, so incidents take no rate per resident; the people killed have one, per 1 million residents.

2026 left out: Left out: the 2026 files are partial: built by the FBI on 2026-09-15, before the year ended.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB · Calendar year

Mass killings, 3+ killed, people killed, by year

YearCountRateNote
20254471.3
20246041.8
20236832
20228182.4
20216942.1
20205271.6
20194751.4
20184091.2
20175071.6
20164431.4
20154501.4
20143211
20133681.2
20124241.3
20113761.2
20103201
20093641.2
20083661.2
20073601.2
20063981.3
20053731.3
20043221.1
20034351.5
20023901.4
20012981
20002881
19993391.2
19982971.1
19973791.4
19963071.2
19955922.3
19943661.4
19934871.9
19924411.7
19913571.4
19904221.7
19893811.5
19883251.3
19873571.5
19863081.3
19853801.6
19843141.3
19833151.3
19824672
19813431.5
19804051.8
19794582
19784161.9
19773841.7
19763591.6

Rate: People per 1 million residents of the United States that year (Census Bureau estimates). Per million, not per 100,000 as elsewhere on this page, since these are rare.

2026 left out: Left out: the 2026 files are partial: built by the FBI on 2026-09-15, before the year ended.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB · Calendar year

People killed by age, 1976 to 2025

AgeCountShare
Under 123,71418%
12 to 171,8299%
18 to 243,72318%
25 to 344,19320%
35 to 493,66318%
50 to 642,05310%
65 and older1,1035%
Age unknown3802%

All 20,658 people killed, 1976 to 2025, every year added.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

People killed by sex, 1976 to 2025

SexCountShare
Male11,96958%
Female8,61042%
Sex unknown79<1%

All 20,658 people killed, 1976 to 2025, every year added.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

People killed by race, 2017 to 2025

RaceCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black2,12051241%5.8
White+MENA1,59138831%0.9
Hispanic1,09226321%1.9
Asian174463%0.9
AIAN51261%2.4
NHPI84<1%1.4 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown12703%–

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

All 5,163 people killed, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: people killed per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

People killed by relationship, 1976 to 2025

RelationshipCountShare
Not recorded11,01753%
Someone the offender knew2,47012%
Stranger or bystander1,4197%
Intimate partner, current or former5733%
Victim was also an offender17<1%
Relationship unknown3,15315%
Other family or household member2,00910%

All 20,658 people killed, 1976 to 2025, every year added. Each victim's relationship to the offender. NIBRS records it for every victim; the homicide reports, for the first victim only, so the others are not recorded.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

Known offenders by sex, 1976 to 2025

SexCountShare
Male5,89190%
Female5058%
Sex unknown1592%

All 6,555 known offenders, 1976 to 2025, every year added.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

Known offenders by age, 1976 to 2025

AgeCountShare
Under 1213<1%
12 to 174677%
18 to 241,94930%
25 to 341,91629%
35 to 491,36421%
50 to 643676%
65 and older731%
Age unknown4066%

All 6,555 known offenders, 1976 to 2025, every year added.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

Known offenders by race, 2017 to 2025

RaceCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black89030547%2.4
White+MENA44014823%0.3
Hispanic36211719%0.6
Asian3292%0.2
AIAN2051%1
NHPI10<1%0.2 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown13907%–

Hispanic is of any race; the other groups are not Hispanic. White+MENA includes Middle Eastern and North African people.

All 1,884 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

184 of the 1,436 incidents from 2017 to 2025 (13%) have no known offender, so no one from them is in the offender figures. Those with none, by kind: gang killings 33%, drug killings 15%, felony killings 18%, circumstance unknown 25%, family killings 0%.

Of these known offenders, 7% have no recorded race. They are in no group's rate, so each rate is a floor.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Known offenders by race, family killings, 2017 to 2025

FamilyCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
White+MENA1836738%0.1
Black1453830%0.4
Hispanic1185224%0.2
Asian2174%0.1
AIAN521%0.3 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown1203%–

All 484 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Known offenders by race, felony killings, 2017 to 2025

FelonyCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black772560%0.2
White+MENA30423%0
Hispanic1239%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
AIAN202%0.1 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
NHPI101%0.2 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown605%–

All 128 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Known offenders by race, gang killings, 2017 to 2025

GangCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black35840%0.1
Hispanic31536%0.1
White+MENA13715%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Asian101%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown708%–

All 87 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

Of these known offenders, 8% have no recorded race. They are in no group's rate, so each rate is a floor.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Known offenders by race, drug killings, 2017 to 2025

DrugCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black421647%0.1
Hispanic20323%0
White+MENA19421%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
AIAN415%0.2 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown405%–

All 89 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Known offenders by race, argument killings, 2017 to 2025

ArgumentCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black1314956%0.4
Hispanic46920%0.1
White+MENA401117%0
Asian311%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
AIAN201%0.1 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown1105%–

All 233 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Known offenders by race, other killings, 2017 to 2025

OtherCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black1734850%0.5
White+MENA882425%0.1
Hispanic531915%0.1
Asian401%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
AIAN10<1%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown2708%–

All 346 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

Of these known offenders, 8% have no recorded race. They are in no group's rate, so each rate is a floor.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Known offenders by race, unknown killings, 2017 to 2025

UnknownCountOf which placed by CrimeDBShareRate
Black28812256%0.8
Hispanic812516%0.1
White+MENA673113%0
AIAN621%0.3 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Asian311%0 (fewer than 20 cases; the rate may swing a lot.)
Race unknown72014%–

All 517 known offenders, 2017 to 2025, every year added. From 2017, the first year since 1986 that the homicide reports carry Hispanic origin for most offenders. Rates are per 1 million people in the group a year. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident. From 2017 the homicide reports keep Asian and NHPI apart, like NIBRS; ethnicity in its own field, recorded for about 70% of people. Officers record race and ethnicity, often by sight or from a victim's or witness's account; where ethnicity is recorded, most Hispanic people are coded White (93% of Hispanic victims in states that record it well). People with a race and no recorded ethnicity are split by the stated rules (crimedb-ethnicity-rules-v2), the lighter part of each bar. Rate: known offenders per 1 million people in the group; – means no rate for that group.

Of these known offenders, 14% have no recorded race. They are in no group's rate, so each rate is a floor.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB; CrimeDB's split of records with a race and no ethnicity, 2017 to 2025

Grey: fewer than 20 cases.

Incidents by kind of killing, 2017 to 2025

Kind of killingCountShare
Family, household, or partner43931%
Argument or brawl15711%
During another felony (robbery, burglary, and others)1037%
Drug dealing483%
Gang433%
Circumstance unknown38927%
Other circumstance25718%

All 1,436 incidents, 2017 to 2025, every year added. Kind of killing: family where anyone killed was the offender's family, household, or intimate partner, police recorded a lovers' quarrel or domestic violence, or the incident links to an AP case AP calls family; else the circumstance police recorded. The homicide reports give a relationship for the first victim only; in NIBRS, which records every victim's, the first victim alone finds 84% of family killings, so family runs a little low where the homicide reports alone hold the incident.

184 of the 1,436 incidents from 2017 to 2025 (13%) have no known offender, so no one from them is in the offender figures. Those with none, by kind: gang killings 33%, drug killings 15%, felony killings 18%, circumstance unknown 25%, family killings 0%.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 2017 to 2025

Incidents by circumstance, 1976 to 2025

CircumstanceCountShare
During another felony (robbery, burglary, rape, and others)1,17420%
Argument or brawl1,05718%
Drug dealing or drug law felony3015%
Lovers' quarrel, triangle, or domestic violence1643%
Gang (gangland or juvenile gang)1412%
Assault on a police officer361%
Circumstance unknown1,50226%
Other circumstance1,38424%

All 5,759 incidents, 1976 to 2025, every year added. The circumstance police recorded: NIBRS's most common among the victims where NIBRS holds the incident, else the homicide report's. Gang codes in the homicide reports break in 2021.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

Incidents by weapon, 1976 to 2025

WeaponCountShare
Handgun2,48843%
Fire5299%
Knife or cutting tool4618%
Rifle4378%
Shotgun3206%
Blunt object1152%
Strangling or suffocation1122%
More than one kind of weapon761%
Hands, fists, or feet701%
Vehicle571%
Gun and a weapon that is not a gun311%
Explosive17<1%
Gun, type unknown72913%
Other weapon2715%
Other gun461%

All 5,759 incidents, 1976 to 2025, every year added.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025

Incidents by place, 1976 to 2025

PlaceCountShare
Home1,06519%
Street, road, or parking lot3666%
Business1523%
Open space461%
Government property16<1%
School or college14<1%
Health care7<1%
House of worship20%
Place unknown4,08871%
Other place3<1%

All 5,759 incidents, 1976 to 2025, every year added. Only NIBRS records the place, so incidents known only from the homicide reports, most of them before 2021, are place unknown.

FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports and NIBRS, merged by CrimeDB, 1976 to 2025